im ^ - "I J. 



Figure 1-8. — Summer scene. Bridport Inlet, Dundas Peninsula, Melville Island. 



operations at the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4. This is a 

 small-scale amphibious operation growing in scope and importance 

 each succeeding year. 



In the late fall of 1948 a task fleet exercise was conducted in 

 the North Atlantic around Newfoundland; in the late winter of 

 1948-49 another task fleet engaged in a similar exercise in the 

 Gulf of Alaska around Kodiak Island. In February and March 

 1949 icebreakers operated in the pack ice of Davis Strait and 

 Bering Sea. Nome, Alaska, was reached for the first time by ship 

 during the winter. 



The Navy may be called upon at any time of the year to assist in 

 the rescue of airmen as routine arctic flights increase. 



The Navy has peacetime missions which require operations on 

 a small scale in the far north. Likewise, as a part of naval policy, 

 the Navy is ever ready to operate any place on the surface of the 

 globe where ships can be navigated. The frontispiece indicates 

 that this can be done in a north-south direction through more than 

 161 degrees of latitude. Naval aircraft operating from ships and 

 temporary bases, established and supported by ships, can easily 

 extend the operations to the poles themselves. Submarines can 

 conduct limited operations in scattered pack ice and beneath it. 

 Amphibious ships can support activities of forces ashore in those 

 areas which are navigable. 



BASIC PRINCIPLES AND LIMITATIONS 



Naval operations conducted under arctic conditions follow the 

 same basic principles as do operations under other conditions. 

 The differences lie in tactical and logistical limitations imposed by 



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