averaged lower than those for the same time at Verkhoyansk. 

 The lowest reading at the new station is minus 85° F., only 5° 

 from the record of minus 90° found at Verkhoyansk. It is not at 

 all improbable that a lower record will be established at this new 

 station. 



On the other hand, there is always a summer in the Arctic with 

 lush vegetation in places, the presence of birds, and the hum of 

 millions of insects. The myriads of mosquitoes can and do cause 

 more distress than the cold. Not infrequent complaints of the 

 summer heat are voiced. A maximum of 100° F. in the shade has 

 been recorded above the arctic circle, and maximum 80° F. to 90° F. 

 at stations not on the coast are the rule rather than the exception. 

 Even with the lower maxima farther north, the high relative 

 humidity produces oppressive conditions. Then, too, the heavy 

 clothing necessary for protection against the insects adds to the 

 general discomfort. Whereas native clothing is much more satis- 

 factory in winter, the clothing of the white man is better than 

 that of the Eskimo for summer use, 



TEMPERATURE CURVE TYPES 



A huge variety of climatic conditions are encountered in these 

 regions. Areas adjacent to one another are found to have widely 

 different climatic characteristics, determined by latitude, marine 

 influence, and topography. A study of annual temperature curves 

 reveals three well defined types — maritime, coastal, and contin- 

 ental : 



1. In the Arctic Sea the temperature in June, July, and August 

 deviates very slightly from the freezing point, thus producing a 

 flat curve in summer. Likewise in winter there is a flatness to 

 the curve, but this time the temperature stays around minus 30° F. 



2. The coastal climate closely resembles the maritime, with the 

 year consisting primarily of a long cold winter and a short cool 

 summer similar to fall or spring as experienced on the continent. 

 The annual curve has the same winter characteristics as that of 

 the Arctic Sea but there is a seasonal maximum in July during 

 summer. The mean summer temperature, however, remains 

 under 50° F. 



3. The arctic continental climate is characterized by very low 

 winter temperatures with a pronounced winter minimum, and 

 high summer temperatures with a highly pronounced summer 

 maximum. Here the annual ranges of mean temperature may 

 be as much as 80° F. to 100° F. 



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