Ashore, the whole sanitary concept must be built about the 

 problems arising in winter from high winds, blizzards, extreme 

 cold, and darkness ; and in summer from constant daylight, insects, 

 varying climatic conditions, marshy tracts, and muskeg. 



In addition to what is usually built into military housing, addi- 

 tional lighting, heat supply, and insulation will have to be fur- 

 nished. Whenever possible, buildings should be connected by 

 closed passageways, taking into consideration proper fire protec- 

 tion measures. 



Water supply is discussed elsewhere in this chapter. 



Food that can be frozen will be easily handled, but special pre- 

 cautions will have to be taken to protect food that may be spoiled 

 by freezing. 



The disposal of human wastes is not a serious problem so long 

 as only a few men are involved, units are not returning to the 

 area, or the temperature is such that waste freezes almost im- 

 mediately and stays frozen. However, under conditions of ex- 

 treme cold where heated shelter is not available, a personal problem 

 will be presented, due to the possibility of freezing exposed parts. 

 This can be solved by the proper design of arctic clothing which 

 will incorporate such features as long skirted parkas within which 

 the hands may be withdrawn. In connection with waste disposal, 

 a disposal bag or 50-gallon oil drum provided with burlap liner, 

 which is allowed to freeze and later removed to a central dump 

 and burned with fuel oil, is an expedient method which may be 

 used. Wherever possible, it is recommended that heated wanigan- 

 type heads be provided and located not too far from living quarters. 

 Freezing prevents both the danger of contamination and unpleas- 

 ant odors and the frozen waste can then be collected and burned 

 with diesel fuel in a centrally located area. 



All head, bathing, and washing facilities should be heated and 

 located as close to living quarters as possible. 



Because of the difficulties in obtaining sufficient water for laun- 

 dry purposes, the question of dry-cleaning clothing should be 

 considered. 



One of the most difficult things for men to get used to is a dull, 

 monotonous life. The solution is to keep busy and to keep the 



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