Fish, 40 



Canadian eastern arctic, 49 

 Fishing industry, Iceland, 69 

 Flaw zone in icepack, 37 

 Flight operations, antarctic, forecast- 

 ing for, 217 

 Fog 



arctic, 113-117 



antarctic (table), 221 



average days per month and year 

 (table), 138 



black, 20 



frost, 115, 117 



North American subarctic, 54 



radiation, llJt, 115 



steam, 115 



summer sea, 116-17 



water, 115 

 Fog trails, 116 

 Food 



emergency, obtained from country, 

 189 



spoilage, 179 

 Footwear, 166-69 



caring for, 162 

 Forecasting aids 

 antarctic, 212 

 arctic, 130 

 Forests, coniferous, 27 

 Franz Josef Archipelago, 86 

 Front. See also Air masses. Atlantic 



arctic, 92 

 Frost. See Permafrost. 

 Frost fogs, 115, 117 

 Frostbite, 183-85 

 Fuel, emergency, 188 

 Fur trade, 49 



Gales 



antarctic (table), 221 



arctic (table), 137 

 Geographic character of arctic and 

 subarctic regions, 17-89 



summary, 87-89 



(table), 88-89 

 Geography, human. See Human geog- 

 raphy. 

 Glacial movements, Greenland, 63 

 Glaciation, drainage and, 24 

 Great circle flight routes, 21 

 Greenland, 60-65 



animal life, 64 



coastal areas, 61 



defense of, agreement on, 153 



Greenland — Continued 



geography, 60-65 



glacial movements, 63 



ice characteristics, 60 



icecap, snowfall, 64 



population, 65 



resources, 65 



topography, 60-63 



vegetation, 64 



wind system, 106 

 Guides (list), 198 



Handwear, 169-70 

 Headwear, 170 

 Health and survival, 177-95 

 Heat, body. See Body heat. 

 Helmet, 170 

 Highland areas, 22 

 Historical background, 1-6 

 Hudson Bay, frozen area, 38 

 Human geography 



Canadian eastern arctic, 49 



Fenno-Scannian arctic, 75 



Greenland, 65 



Iceland, 69 



North American subarctic, 58 

 Humboldt glacier, 62 

 Hydrographic publications (list), 198 



Ice, 36-39 



depth, 37 



extent covering arctic sea, 37 



formation of, 36 



littoral, 50 

 Ice areas, sovereignty problem, 142 

 Ice conditions 



Canadian eastern arctic, 41 



Canadian western arctic, 53 



Greenland, 60-61 



Spitsbergen, 71 

 Icebreaker operations, clothing list, 



173 

 Icecap, Greenland, snowfall, 64 

 Iceland, 65-69 



agriculture, 69 



climate, 68 



coastal areas, 66 



defense agreement with, 155 



drainage, 67 



fishing industry, 69 



human geography, 69 



resources, 69 



sovereignty, 152 



topography, 66 



vegetation, 68 



