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III, TYPE OF RESULTS OBLAINED 
De Comparison of weapons with different explosive fillings 
Concurrent with the continued development of better instruments for 
measuring the effects of explosions, the major portion of the work of the 
RELIANCE was in comparing different explosive fillings in various weapons. 
Because of unknown variables and variables not subject to control it was 
necessary to make all comparisons against a standard fired under identical 
conditions. Thus any uncertainty of the explosive effectiveness due to 
change in the absolute level as measured by the RELIANCE instruments was 
eliminated. Such changes in absolute level were inevitable with the con— 
tinual evolution of the instrumentation. Since charges were usually at 
least in duplicate, a given series was usually divided into two or more 
strings with one charge of each type being fired in each string for the pur- 
pose of comparing the primary variable. Jf there were secondary or tertiary 
variables, such as orientation effects or booster effects, these could be 
compared from one string to another [1], 
(a) Procedure followed in analysis of data. -- The principal results 
obtained in comparing explosive fillings and other effects were ratios of 
gauge readings for a particular explosive to those for standard explosive, 
usually TNT. However since the effort necessary to obtain the data was so 
great, a rather elaborate statistical analysis was carried out which elimi- 
nated many gross errors and at the same time ensured that all good data 
were usable. 
After the experimental data had been entered in tabular form, according 
to the distance from the charge and the type of measurement (that is, ball- 
crusher, Modugno and UERI-diaphragm deformation, piezoelectric peak pressure, 
momentum and energy, and Hilliar or Hartmann momentum), the percentage 
difference between the reading of two gauges forming a pair of a given type 
at a given distance was calculated. The standard deviation between two 
gauges was determined from the percentage differences for all pairs of a 
given type of gauge. When the percentage difference between two gauges form— 
ing a particular pair exceeded three times the standard deviation between 
two gauges of that type for that whole string, one of these two gauges was 
considered to be suspect. Examination of the gauge itself or comparison of 
its results with the results of other gauges would usually determine which 
gauge of the suspect pair was giving anomalous results, so that that partic- 
ular gauge value could be eliminated from consideration. 
For each string the ratio of the reading of a single individual gauge 
on a given explosive to the reading obtained by the same gauge for the stand— 
ard explosive was calculated. These ratios were then averaged for all gauges 
of a given type and the standard deviation of the individual ratios from the 
mean was obtained, The ratios for each gauge type from the varieus strings 
were compared to one another for reproducibility between the strings and 
then were averaged over all strings and the standard deviation of the ratios 
from the mean and the standard deviation of the mean calculated. (At any 
point in the analysis where an individual gauge ratio deviated from the mean 
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