Table 2. Primary shelf sediment classes. 



Type 



Lithology 



Description 



Quartz sand Typically very pale brouTi (10 yr 7/3}^, fine to 



coarse grain size; 1 to 5 percent shell (predomi- 

 nantly Spisula) , well to poorly sorted; silty in 

 places but predominantly clean. 



Silty sand and Typically variable grayish-brown color; shells 

 gravel comprise 1 to 10 percent; generally very poorly 



sorted, silty, and occur? in thin layers in most 

 places; frequently consists of reworked substrate. 



Silt and silty 

 clay 



Clean to silty 

 sand 



Typically gray (5 yr 6/1) but occasionally brownish 

 gray; mostly barren but contains shells in places; 

 washed residues may contain sand, mica, and pieces 

 of vegetation. 



Typically grayish brown (10 yr 6/1 to 10 yr 7/2); 

 ocassionally yellowish or reddish-yellow very fine 

 to fine sand; generally well sorted; micaceous 

 locally. 



E Sand and gravel Typically very light gray (5 yr 7/1) but often 



grayish to reddish brown; very poorly sorted sand, 

 predominantly quartz; granules and pebbles con- 

 sist mostly of quartz and rock fragments. 



F Quartz sand Typically very light gray (5 yr 7/1) but often 



grayish to reddish brown; very similar to type E 

 but with little or no gravel; poorly sorted, 



quartz predominant mineral. 



^Munsell Soil Color Code (Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1944 ed., Munsell 

 Color Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md.). 



II. POTENTIAL BORROW AREAS 



1. Sand Requirements and Beach Characteristics. 



Studies by Krumbein and James (1974) , James (1975) , and Hobson (1977) have 

 shown that the suitability of sand for beach nourishment is largely dependent 

 on grain size and sorting. Sampling of beach and shoreface sands, native to the 

 Cape May coast, by the U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia (1979) indicates 

 that fill sand should be in the fine to medium range or coarser (0.125 to 0.5 

 millimeter, 3 to 1 phi) for Cape May city, and at least medium to very coarse 

 sand (0.25 to 2.0 millimeters, 2 to -1 phi) for the shore in Lower Township to 

 the west (Wentworth Scale in Table 1). Identification and selection of the 

 borrow areas described below are based on these criteria. 



2. Borrow Areas. 



The locations of 16 potential borrow areas where sand judged suitable for 

 beach restoration and nourishment may be recovered are identified by letters in 

 Figure 4. Table 3 provides a summary of the pertinent data for the deposits. 

 The first part of the table contains information for the shoal deposits of 

 Holocene marine sand. Volume calculations have been made for the Holocene marine 

 sand deposits where seismic reflection and topographic control are sufficient 

 for a reasonably reliable estimate. The second part of Table 3 contains data 

 on sites identified by core number where the specified core recovered potentially 

 usable sand, but from deposits which were not associated with any discernible 



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