PREFACE 



This report is an outgrowth of consultations with personnel from the U.S. 

 Army Engineer District, Savannah, concerning wave loading on a concrete sheet- 

 pile groin proposed for Tybee Island, Georgia. The Shore Protection Manual 

 (SPM) provides methods for calculating wave forces due to waves acting normal 

 to vertical-sided structures. The SPM also gives a method for reducing the 

 dynamic component of force when waves approach at an angle to the structure; 

 however, no methodology is presented for estimating the distribution of force 

 and overturning moment along a structure's axis, particularly for waves propa- 

 gating with crests nearly perpendicular to the structure. This report 

 provides such a methodology. For sheet-pile groins and sheet-pile jetty 

 sections, cost savings can sometimes be realized if wales are assumed to 

 longitudinally distribute some of the wave force. The wave loading methodol- 

 ogy presented will provide the information needed to calculate the forces- 

 transmitted by the wales. The work was carried out under the coastal 

 structures research and development program of the U.S. Army Coastal 

 Engineering Research Center (CERC). 



The report was prepared by Dr. J. Richard Weggel, Chief, Evaluation 

 Branch, under the general supervision of N. Parker, Chief, Engineering 

 Development Division. 



Comments on this publication are invited. 



Approved for publication in accordance with Public Law 166, 79 Congress, 

 approved 31 July 1945, as supplemented by Public Law 172, 88'" Congress, 

 approved 7 November 1964. 



S 



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ED E. "BTSHOP 

 Colonel, Corps 6f Engineers 

 Commander and Director 



