three reference areas allowed comparison of ambient versus on-site conditions. Within each 

 reference area, triplicate REMOTS® photographs were taken at each of thirteen stations 

 arranged in a cross-shaped pattern and spaced 100 m apart. These reference areas, also 

 occupied during the July 1990 survey, were approximately 2000 m west (2000W), 2000 m 

 south (2000S), and 2200 m northeast (WLIS-REF) of the "B" mound (see Figure 1-1). 



2.3 CTD and Dissolved Oxygen Sampling 



A Sea-Bird Instruments, Inc. Seacat Model SBE 19-01 Conductivity, Temperature, 

 and Depth (CTD) profiler obtained vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved 

 oxygen (DO) at the center of each reference area and the WLIS "E" REMOTS® sampling 

 grid. A Compaq Portable II microcomputer sent commands to and read data from the 

 instrument via an RS-232 serial interface. During deployment, the SBE 19-01 recorded data 

 at two-second intervals. The microcomputer received and stored data on a floppy disk for 

 later analysis. 



To verify the CTD dissolved oxygen measurement, near-surface and near-bottom 

 (within 1 meter) water samples were collected with a Niskin bottle. A 300 ml subsample 

 was drawn from the bottle, preserved, and titrated within 12 hours using a modification of 

 the standard Winkler titration method (Strickland and Parsons 1972, Parsons et al. 1984). 



2.4 Sediment Chemistry and Grain Size 



Sediment samples were collected at the center of the reference areas using a 0. 1 m^ 

 teflon-lined Van Veen grab sampler. Three samples were collected for analysis at each 

 reference area, with each sample originating from a separate grab. Subsamples from each 

 grab were obtained using a 10 cm polycarbonate plastic core liner (6.5 cm ID). Cores (0- 

 10 cm in length) were composited to provide sufficient sediment to fill precleaned 250 ml 

 glass jars, certified to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) container 

 standards for both trace metal and PAH analyses. Sediments for grain size and total organic 

 carbon (TOC) were placed in plastic bags. Samples were kept cold (approximately 4° C) 

 and delivered to the NED laboratory. The triplicate samples for each reference area were 

 analyzed for TOC, PAHs, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Grain size analyses 

 were not run in triplicate but were composited for each reference area at the NED 

 laboratory. 



2.4.1 Grain Size Analysis 



Grain size analyses were performed using ASTM Method D422 (Table 2-1). 

 Classification of grain size was by the Wentworth classification (phi scale) which assigns 

 gravel phi values between -2 and -1, sand between -1 and +4 inclusive, silts between 4 and 



Monitoring Cruise at the Western Long Island Sound Disposal Site, June 1991 



