An aneroid barometer that was calibrated in 1977 was located near 

 the mlcrobarograph and used as a standard for daily comparisons with the 

 microbarograph . 



b. Littoral Environmental Observations . Visual observations conforming 

 to CERC's Littoral Environmental Observation (LEO) program (Schneider, 1981) 

 were obtained daily at about 0700 to supplement instrumented data collection. 

 These included observations of surface current speed and direction and wave 

 approach angle. 



4. Sediment Data . 



a. Data Collection . Weekly samples of the surface layer (top centimeter) 

 of sand were taken by hand from the foreshore near the upper swash limit, and 

 a detailed sediment survey was performed in August 1979 to obtain data on 

 sediment characteristics both alongshore and perpendicular to shore at the 

 FRF. The survey, which was conducted by divers using a 40-centimeter-long 

 coring device, covered an area 76 meters north and south of the pier from the 

 dune to a 16-meter water depth, i.e., 3300 meters offshore. 



b. Data Analysis . The August 1979 survey data and the foreshore sampling 

 data prior to April 1978 were analyzed with CERC's rapid sediment analyzer to 

 determine the size distribution of the samples ( Duane and Meisburger, 1969). 

 Foreshore sand samples taken after April 1978 were visually compared to 0.5- 

 phi interval size standards to determine an approximate mean grain diameter. 

 The phi designation is defined as minus the log to base 2 of the sediment 

 diameter in millimeters, i.e., phi = -log (dmm). 



5. Beach, Bathjnmetric, and Pier Surveys . 



a. Data Collection. In September 1978, the beach in the vicinity of the 

 FRF was surveyed using conventional rod and stadia techniques (Czerniak, 

 1972). This technique permits rapid data collection with accurate results 

 conforming to the following specifications: horizontal accuracy ±15 centi- 

 meters; vertical accuracy ±0.3 centimeter. The surveys went from the monument 

 base line behind the dune to a maximum wading depth of approximately -0.5 

 meter MSL. 



In October 1979, langley and McDonald, Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia, 

 performed a FRF bathymetric survey that covered the beach, nearshore, and 

 offshore areas. Survey ranges were located up to 4 kilometers north and south 

 of the pier; each range extended seaward from the base line behind the dune 

 sometimes as far as 3200 meters offshore. Range designations and locations 

 are given in Table 1 . The survey techniques used were as follows : 



(a) For beach surveying, the conventional rod and stadia tech- 

 nique as described above was used. Control consisted of a series 

 of monuments installed by NOS, CERC, and the U.S. Army Engineer Dis- 

 trict, Wilmington (SAW); Czerniak (1974) provides documentation on 

 almost all control in the area. The beach part of the survey went 

 from the monument base line behind the dune to the maximum wading 

 depth (approximately -0.5 taeter MSL). 



(b) For nearshore surveys, the contractor used a stadia rod 

 mounted on a sea sled (Fig. 4) to conduct surveys through the surf 

 zone. The sled was pulled offshore by boat and then winched by 

 cable to shore. The cable was marked at 6.1-meter intervals and an 

 observer on the beach used a level to reeid the rod elevation at each 

 interval as the sled was winched to shore. 



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