The L-shaped section Is anchored by a composite 24-inch anchor line of 

 3/8-inch welded alloy chain, braided nylon line and a lower length of chain 

 fastened to stake piles. The chains cross beneath the breakwater to provide 

 as much clearance as possible close to the breakwater. The west section is 

 restrained by pile bents. A deep, soft muck is the typical foundation mate- 

 rial at the site. 



Those responsible for the breakwater design, construction, and operation 

 are as follows: 



Owner/ Operator: Port of Bremerton 



Bremerton, Washington 



Designer: Reid, Middleton and Associates 

 Edmonds , Washington 



Fabricator: Bellingham Marine Industries 

 Bellingham, Washington 



(2) Performa nce . The management and boat owners expressed satisfac- 

 tion with the breakwater. Storm damage has been handled well since installa- 

 tion, with the exception of the western section which has been hit by two 

 storms with reported significant wave heights of 4 feet — well in excess of 

 design values. When the waves incident to the west breakwater exceed heights 

 of about 2 feet, there is a greater transmission than desired, but this is not 

 a severe problem. 



The north breakwater has performed very well. One connection failure was 

 probably due to a faulty fabrication detail; it was successfully repaired. 

 All the anchor chains have corroded badly and are being replaced. The orig- 

 inal ones were made of 3/8-inch chain, with no cathodic protection; the 

 replacements are of 1/2-inch chain, with zinc anode sacrificial blocks 2 by 2 

 by 30 inches with two placed on each anchor line. The cost of the anchor line 

 repair is estimated at $30,000. Figure 35 illustrates the piling and chain 

 connections. 



Some of the anchor piles have been attacked by marine borers. Replace- 

 ments will be cut off below the mudline, to be out of reach of these borers. 

 There is only a small area of concrete spalling in the center of two pontoons. 



d. Discussion. The west breakwater was apparently underdesigned for 

 the wave climate that develops from the west. Other design aspects have 

 worked out well, except for the anchor chains. The new design with both a 

 heavier chain and cathodic protection should ensure a much longer life than 

 the 6 years for the initial system. Boat wake from the larger vessels passes 

 through the breakwater, but users appear to have adapted to this inconven- 

 ience. 



11. Camas-Washougal, W ashing ton . 



a. Location . The breakwater at Port of Camas-Washougal, about 20 miles 

 east of Vancouver, Washington (Figs. 36 and 37), parallels the north shore of 

 the Columbia River, and serves to protect a marina catering largely to pleas- 

 ure craft. 



56 



