k A Layer coefficient varying between 0.94 and 1.15 



K D Stability coefficient for armor stone equation 



K r Reflection coefficient 



1 Length used in Sawaragi's stable rubble-mound structure cross-section 

 equation 



l r Ripple length 



H Characteristic length 



L Lift force 



L Deepwater wave length 



L s Standing wave length 



£ Characteristic size of structure, ft 



m Beach slope 



M Coefficient for use in MacDonald's (1973) sediment concentration 

 equation 



n Manning's roughness coefficient 



n r Ripple height 



n s Number of stones 



N Scale ratio 



N, Length scale ratio 



N s Stability number for berm armor stone design 



N fc Time scale ratio 



N x x length scale ratio 



N y length scale ratio 



N z z length scale ratio 



N u Sediment fall speed scale ratio 



q Hydraulic discharge rate 



q b Bed- load transport rate 



q cr Critical sediment transport rate per unit width of channel 



q s Sediment transport rate per unit width of channel 



q s Discharge through the scour hole under pipeline 



R Height from sea level to limit of wave runup on Sawaragi structure 



R c Height of the top of the structure relative to sea level when Sawaragi's 

 structure is overtopped 



R Reynolds number 



R g Grain Reynolds number 



Rp Pipe radius 



R h Hydraulic radius 



sg Specific gravity of sediment 



s Slope of face of breakwater section used in Sawaragi equation 



s' Slope of face of breakwater section used in Sawaragi equation 



S Channel slope 



S d Depth of scour 



S 1 Ultimate local scour depth at vertical piles 



S max Maximum depth of scour 



A2 



