APPENDIX A: REVIEW OF RELATED GENESIS STUDIES 



1. This appendix provides a short review of selected publications 

 related to the Generalized Model for Simulating Shoreline Change (GENESIS) and 

 antecedent models. These works may be consulted for details on calculation 

 procedures, results of sensitivity tests, and hints on application of the 

 modeling system in applications. Specifications and recommendations given in 

 the present manual may differ from those in previous publications; the present 

 and future reports in the Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) , US Army 

 Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, GENESIS series should be considered as 

 representing capabilities of the current modeling system and the procedure for 

 its operation. 



2. In the following paragraphs, references are listed in chronological 

 order, and key points of the study are described. 



3. Kraus and Harikai (1983) *: This study introduces many of the basic 

 calculation algorithms used in GENESIS. The site for the field application, 

 Oarai Beach, Japan, provided an ideal environment for model testing and 

 refinement since a complete data base of wave measurements, shoreline change, 

 and other information was available. Sensitivity of the model to the input 

 wave data and its variability are examined, with emphasis on the length of the 

 time step and the averaging interval for wave data. A 6-hr time step is 

 recommended as standard for the coast for design studies. The longshore 

 variation in breaking wave height as produced by diffraction at a long 

 breakwater was measured, and the data used to verify the calculation procedure 

 for combined wave diffraction, refraction, shoaling, and breaking. Other 

 topics addressed are determination of the depth of closure, longshore sand 

 transport rate formula combining the effects of oblique wave incidence and 

 longshore gradient in wave height, use of a line source term for cross -shore 

 transport, verification of the bottom contour modification for the wave 

 calculation using field measurements of breaking wave angle influenced by 

 diffraction, and calibration and verification with measured wave and shoreline 

 change data. Previous work on the antecedent model is contained in a report 



See References at the end of the main text. 



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