b. Electrical conductivity of sea water 



Measurements of the electrical conductivity of sea 

 water were made with a new oceanographic instrument de- 

 veloped at USNMDL, the "Bathyconductograph." 



3. SCIENTIFIC DIVING 



Thirteen dives (using SCUBA) were made by members 

 of the scientific party. Water temperatures varied from 

 55 °F to 29 °F. One dive was made in broken ice under a 

 medium-sized floe. On seven of the dives, Dowling (NMDL) 

 used the AN/PQS-1 (hand-held) sonar to obtain information 

 on the sonar environment and on the existence of false tar- 

 gets; on most of these dives the sonar output was recorded 

 via underwater magnetic-tape recorder to permit com- 

 parisons between various environments. One dive was made 

 at Fairway Rock in the Bering Straits; little is known re- 

 garding it, however, either geologically or biologically. 

 As was found during the 19 58 NEL arctic diving, the use of 

 the specially tailored, -|-inch Neoprene wet diving suits 

 considerably reduced the problem of cold water. One 



diver was under water of 30°F for a total of 1^ hours in a 

 two-hour time span without undue discomfort. Most of the 

 divers experienced no more discomfort than when diving 

 off Southern California. On most of the dives, bottom 

 sediment and biological samples were taken; visibility 

 typically ranged from more than 50 feet near the surface to 

 less than 3 feet at the bottom. 



4. BIOLOGICAL STUDIES 



From Kodiak to Pt. Barrow, approximately 6 stations 

 were made at which bottom samples and/or plankton samples 

 were taken. Plankton were taken in two 10-inch nets; bottom 

 samples were taken by snapper and orange-peel bucket, in 

 cores, and by divers; shore collections were made at Kodiak 

 and at St. Paul, Pribilof Islands; collections were made by 



18 



