Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys 
Surveys and Mapping Branch 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 
Publication 
Ice Atlas of Arctic Canada 
Swithinbank, C. 
Publication Date: 1960 
Location: 324 stations in the Canadian Arctic, Greenland, 
and the Beaufort Sea 
Period of Coverage: 1900-1959 
Contents: This document contains sea ice-frequency-concentration data for the 
years between 1900 and 1959 that were recorded on ship logs and by aerial 
observers. 
Concentration data are given in terms of percent sea surface covered by 
ice. It is broken down into four categories: (a) ice traversed without dif- 
ficulty (10- to 50-percent concentration); (b) ice traversed with difficulty 
(51- to 80-percent concentration); (c) all but icebreakers brought to stand- 
still (81- to 99-percent concentration); and (d) unnavigable (100-percent 
concentration). 
Data are given between 1 March and 30 November (it is assumed frozen 
solid between December and February). Fast ice data are given for each month 
for April to August. Ice summaries are also given for the period between 
1 March and 30 November. 
Available From: Queen's Printer, Canada 
Vanguard Building 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 
(Catalog No. DR3-1000) 
Additional Information: This document was prepared for the Canada 
Defense Research Board. 
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