It was noted during the inspection, however, that a barge was working 

 lakeward of the north breakwater. Construction of a submerged, offshore 

 reef breakwater was ongoing. The submerged reef was designed to reduce 

 wave heights at the north breakwater during storms, thus resulting in less 

 structure damage as well as decreased wave heights in the harbor. Con- 

 struction of the reef breakwater was scheduled to be completed in the fall 

 of 1998. 



Cleveland Harbor East Breakwater, Ohio 



Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, 

 154 km (96 miles) east of Toledo, OH, and 283 km (176 miles) west of 

 Buffalo, NY. The harbor is situated at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River 

 and comprises approximately 5.3 sq km (1,300 acres). Cleveland Harbor 

 is protected by a breakwater system over 9,144 m (30,000 ft) in aggregate 

 length. Two harbor entrances connect the harbor with Lake Erie. The 

 west entrance is directly lakeward of the Cuyahoga River mouth, and the 

 east entrance is at the eastern end of the east breakwater. A layout of the 

 harbor is shown in Figure 41. 



The length of the existing east breakwater is 6,392 m (20,970 ft). The 

 westerly 914-m-long (3,000-ft-long) portion was constructed between 

 1887 and 1900, and was composed of a stone-filled timber crib structure 

 with a concrete cap. During the period 1917-1926, a stone superstructure 

 including a sloping stone armoring was placed on the lakeward side. The 

 easterly 5,477-m (17,970-ft) portion was constructed between 1903 and 

 1915 and consisted of dumped core stone covered with large individually 

 placed armor stone. The breakwater had a design crest el of +3.14 m 

 (+10.3 ft) lwd and a crest width of 3.05 m (10.0 ft). 



The east breakwater has had an extensive repair history. Storm dam- 

 age has caused the displacement of laid-up cover stone, especially on the 

 lake side, resulting in continuous unravelling of the breakwater slope in 

 many areas. The structure was repaired by rebuilding the damaged por- 

 tion in a manner similar to original construction using 2,722- to 7,257-kg 

 (3- to 8-ton) stone. A major rehabilitation project involving the easterly 

 1,341 m (4,400 ft) of the east breakwater was completed in 1979 (Fig- 

 ure 41). It involved repairing the structure with dolos concrete armor 

 units. The lakeward slope and in some areas the crest were rebuilt using 

 1,814-kg (2-ton) dolosse placed on a 1V:2H slope on the breakwater 

 trunk. The east head involved a section similar to the trunk, but the slope 

 was constructed on a 1V:2.5H slope to maintain stability. This was the 

 first use of dolosse on an offshore structure in the Great Lakes environ- 

 ment in the United States. 



The rehabilitated dolos section was monitored under the MCNP pro- 

 gram during the period November 1980 through September 1985 (Pope, 

 Bottin, and Rowen 1993). The monitoring program was to evaluate the 



36 Chapter 2 Project Descriptions and Inspection Results 



