Table 3. Cleaning Rate for Various Equipment 



Equipment 



Approximate Rate 

 (hr/acre) 



Combination of motorized grader and 



3 



motorized elevating scraper 





Elevating scraper 



3 



Combination of motorized grader and 



6 



wheeled front-end loader 



Combination of motorized grader and 



30 



tracked front -end loader 



Bulldozer 



50 



Note that the rate alone is not sufficient to indicate the 

 effectiveness. The ability, such as that of motorized graders, to 

 remove the thin film of contaminated materials without taking excess 

 amounts of clean sediment should also be taken into consideration. 



CONCLUSIONS 



A review of beach cleanup operations has been made. Most of the 

 documents reviewed do not give sufficient quantitative data for the 

 purpose of developing precise criteria for selection of procedures and 

 equipment, or for estimating cost, equipment and manpower required. 

 Sufficient data, however, were obtained for the purpose of selecting 

 a number of procedures which are considered satisfactory in previous 

 cleanup operations. These should be adequate for most of the cleanup 

 operation. 



No effective techniques have been developed to remove oil from 

 rocks. Washing with hot water can remove most of the oil from the rock 

 surface, and the remainder can be removed by sand blasting, which is, 

 however, slow and expensive. 



Contaminated cobbles can be removed by using draglines and front- 

 end loaders. 



For beaches with sand and gravel sediment, the contaminated 

 materials can be removed by various mechanical equipments. The selection 

 depends on the depth of oil penetration: 



15 



