Between 1931 and 1954, both breakwaters were severely damaged on 

 numerous occasions and each repair or rehabilitation was carried out by 

 restoring the structure to original conditions with 8-ton iceyed and fitted armor 

 stone. In March of 1954, storm waves, with estimated 34-ft breaker heights 

 at the structure heads, attacked Kahului Harbor for a 3-day period. The 

 outer 185 ft and 300 ft of the east and west breakwaters, respectively, were 

 severely damaged. This extensive damage initiated actions to base needed 

 repairs on current design criteria rather than restoring the structure to its 

 prestorm conditions. In 1956, repairs were completed on both breakwaters 

 using 33-ton unreinforced tetrapods and a concrete cap (Figure 3). The new 

 armor units were placed on the heads of both breakwaters and extended 250 ft 

 shoreward along the sea-side face of the west breakwater trunk. 



A storm in 1958 with estimated wave heights of 25 ft at the structures 

 caused extensive damage to both breakwaters. A breach in excess of 150 ft 

 was opened up on the east breakwater at the transition between the armor 

 stone and tetrapods. On the west breakwater, all of the tetrapods on the 

 harbor-side quarter of the head were swept away. The IV on 2H slope used 

 in this area was felt to be the major design deficiency. Temporary repairs of 

 the east breakwater, consisting of a large monolithic concrete cap and 

 placement of 12-ton or larger armor stone on the seaside face, were completed 

 in 1959. 



A major breakwater rehabilitation was completed in 1966. Both heads and 

 355 ft just shoreward of the east head were included in the repair (Figure 4), 

 which was model tested at WES (Jackson 1964). The inboard quarters of both 

 heads were armored with two layers of 35-ton tribars on the upper one third 

 of the slope, while the lower two thirds were protected by a double layer of 

 50-ton tribars. A two-layer system of 35-ton tribars was placed from the new 

 concrete rib cap to the toe of the rehabilitated sea-side slope of the east 

 breakwater trunk. 



A storm in 1967 severely damaged the west breakwater trunk. This area 

 was repaired in 1969 by construction of a concrete rib cap and placement of 

 260 reinforced tribars, weighing 19 tons each, on the sea-side slope. In 

 November of the same year, the shore end of the 19-ton tribars was damaged 

 by 15- to 20-ft breaking waves. This area was repaired in 1973 by an 80-ft 

 shoreward extension of the concrete rib cap and 19-ton tribars. The 

 shoreward extent of the tribars was buttressed with 25 tribars, weighing 

 35 tons each (Figure 5). 



An inspection conducted in 1973 revealed that the 33-ton tetrapods on the 

 sea-side quadrants of both heads had sustained considerable damage and they, 

 along with the 8-ton stone areas on both trunks, were in need of repair. The 

 following repairs were completed in 1977: on the west breakwater, 257 

 reinforced dolosse (30 tons each) were placed in two layers over the 33-ton 

 tetrapods on the sea-side quadrant of the head; 291 reinforced dolosse (20 tons 

 each) were placed on the seaside of the west breakwater trunk; on the east 

 breakwater, 610 reinforced dolosse (30 tons each) were placed in a double 

 layer over the 33-ton tetrapods on the sea-side quadrant of the head. 



Chapter 1 Introduction 



