Figure 12. Artificial headland and beach fill system at Maumee Bay State 

 Park, Ohio (from Bender (1992)) 



The desired planform behind the breakwater in this type of application is 

 marsh development, the extent of which tends to be site-specific (Figures 13 

 and 14). The primary objective of the structure is to contain placed dredge 

 material and protect existing or created wetland areas from wave, current, or 

 tidal action. The wetland may or may not extend out to the structure. 

 Depending on the habitat, frequent exchange of fresh or saltwater may be 

 important. Considerations and guidelines for marsh development are provided 

 in EM 1110-2-5026; Knutson, Allen, and Webb (1990); and U.S. Department 

 of Agriculture (1992). 



Techniques for controlling shoreline response 



After selection of a desired beach planform, the extent of incident wave 

 reduction or modification to encourage the formation of that planform must be 

 determined. Various techniques and design tools used to predict and control 

 shoreline response are reviewed in later sections of this chapter. 



Functional Design Concerns and Parameters 



Parameters affecting morphological response and subsequently the 

 functional design of detached breakwaters include wave height, length, period, 

 and angle of wave approach; wave variability parameters such as seasonal 

 changes, water level range, sediment supply and sediment size; and structural 

 parameters such as structure length, gap distance, depth at structure, and 



Chapter 2 Functional Design Guidance 



17 



