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RESULTING SALIENT 



ORIGINAL SHORELINE 



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ORIGINAL SHORELINE 



Figure 1 . Types of shoreline changes associated with single and multiple 

 breakwaters and definition of terminology (modified from EM 

 1110-2-1617) 



detached breakwaters include limited design guidance, high construction costs, 

 and a limited ability to predict and compensate for structure-related phenom- 

 ena such as adjacent beach erosion, rip currents, scour at the structure's base, 

 structure transmissibility, and effects of settlement on project performance. 



Breakwater Types 



There are numerous variations of the breakwater concept. Detached break- 

 waters are constructed at a significant distance offshore and are not connected 

 to shore by any type of sand-retaining structure. Reef breakwaters are a type 

 of detached breakwater designed with a low crest elevation and homogeneous 

 stone size, as opposed to the traditional multilayer cross section. Low-crested 

 breakwaters can be more suitable for shoreline stabilization projects due to 

 increased tolerance of wave transmission and reduced quantities of material 



Chapter 1 Introduction 



