Optimization of Design and Costs 105 



Construction ity Issues 107 



Post-Construction Monitoring 109 



6 — Summary and Conclusions 113 



Report Summary 113 



Additional Research Needs 114 



References 115 



Appendix A: Case Design Example of a Detached 



Breakwater Project Al 



Appendix B: Notation Bl 



List of Figures 



Figure 1 . Types of shoreline changes associated with single 

 and multiple breakwaters and definition of 

 terminology (modified from EM 1110-2-1617) 2 



Figure 2. Segmented detached breakwaters at Presque Isle, 



Pennsylvania, on Lake Erie, fall 1992 4 



Figure 3. Detached breakwaters in Netanya, Israel, August 



1985 (from Goldsmith (1990)) 5 



Figure 4. Segmented detached breakwaters in Japan 5 



Figure 5. Detached breakwater project in Spain 6 



Figure 6. Breakwaters constructed for wetland development 



at Eastern Neck, Maryland 9 



Figure 7. Detached breakwaters constructed on Chesapeake 



Bay at Bay Ridge, Maryland 9 



Figure 8. Aerial view of Lakeview Park, Lorain, Ohio 13 



Figure 9. Detached breakwaters with tombolo formations at 



Central Beach Section, Colonial Beach, Virginia 14 



Figure 10. Salient that formed after initial construction at 



the Redington Shores, Florida, breakwater 14 



Figure 11. Limited shoreline response due to detached 



breakwaters at East Harbor State Park, Ohio 15 



IV 



