Conclusions 



To date, the Bay Ridge offshore breakwater project has performed as 

 expected with the formation of subdued salients behind each breakwater and 

 the resulting overall stability of the shoreline. The project has been subjected 

 to numerous significant storm events and has prevented erosion of the bank 

 area and roadway along the project shoreline. No adverse effects have been 

 observed along adjacent shoreline areas. The project has been well-received 

 by the residents of the community as a result of the stability of the shoreline 

 and the enhancement of the recreational beach area. 



References 



Ahrens, J. P. (1987). "Characteristics of reef breakwaters," Technical Report 

 CERC-87-17, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal 

 Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, MS. 



Ahrens, J. P., and Cox, J. (1990). "Design and performance of reef 

 breakwaters," Journal of Coastal Research, SI #7, pp 61-75. 



Hanson, H., and Kraus, N.C. (1989). "GENESIS: Generalized model for 

 simulating shoreline change; Report 1, technical reference," Technical Report 

 CERC-89-19, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal 

 Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, MS. 



Kriebel, D.L., and Dean, R.G. (1985). "Beach and dune response to severe 

 storms," Proceedings, 19th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, 

 American Society of Civil Engineers, pp 1584-1599. 



Pope, J., and Dean, J.L. (1986). "Development of design criteria for 

 segmented breakwaters," Proceedings, 20th International Conference on 

 Coastal Engineering, November 9-14, Taipei, Taiwan. American Society of 

 Civil Engineers, pp 2144-2158. 



Reid, R.O., and Bodine, B.R. (1968). "Numerical model for storm surges, 

 Galveston Bay," Journal of the Waterways and Harbors Division, American 

 Society of Civil Engineers, 94(WW 1,5805) 33-57. 



Shore Protection Manual. (1984). 4th ed., 2 Vols., U.S. Army Engineer 

 Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, U.S. 

 Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 



A28 



Appendix A Case Design Example of Detached Breakwater 



