dune. Consequently, over 90 percent of measured sediment gains to the 

 barrier system during a 33-year period (1935-1968) were located in the 

 vicinities of existing or closed inlets. Of these inlet-associated gains, 

 over 40 percent by volume occurred at the sites of "temporary" inlets, open 

 for only part of the 210-year period of map record. This occurrence re- 

 flected dune and foreshore recovery at former sites, resulting largely from 

 wind action and storm overwash. In all, 48 percent of the measured volu- 

 metric gains to the barrier system arose from storm overwash and wind trans- 

 port at locations other than contemporary inlets, while the remaining 52 per- 

 cent were measured at the open inlets. Comparisons drawn between the trans- 

 gressive barrier coast at Malpeque and analogous coasts to the south suggest 

 some variability in the dynamic response among barriers in different coastal 

 environments. (Author) 



Boyd, R. , and Penland, S. 1981. "Washover of Deltaic Barriers on the 

 Louisiana Coast," Transactions , Gulf Coast Association of Geological 

 Societies, Vol 31, pp 243-248. 



Washover deposits on Louisiana barriers often account for over 50 per- 

 cent of total sediment storage. Louisiana barriers have evolved by deltaic 

 distributary abandonment, and continuing sequential evolution of Mississippi 

 Delta complexes has generated a corresponding sequence of transgressive bar- 

 riers. The resulting spectrum of barrier geometries has provided an ideal 

 field site for the examination of washover form variability and its control- 

 ling processes. (Authors) 



Cleary, W. J., and Hosier, P. E. 1979. "Geomorphology , Washover History, 

 and Inlet Zonation: Cape Lookout, NC, to Bird Island, NC , " in Leatherman, S. 

 P . , ed . , Barrier Islands: From the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of 

 Mexico , Academic Press, New York, N.Y., pp 237-271. 



Seventeen islands and two mainland beaches comprise the 237-km shoreline 

 between Cape Lookout and Bird Island, North Carolina. The area, character- 

 ized by diverse physiography, has been divided into four major geomorphic 

 sections. Shackleford, Bogue , Bear, and Brown Islands comprise the northern- 

 most 75 km of shoreline. These barriers display vegetated beach ridges, mas- 

 sive dunes, and few washovers. Wide shallow lagoons with little tidal marsh 

 vegetation back these islands. The 50-km section to the southwest consists 

 of Onslow and Topsail Beaches where washovers are more abundant; many have 

 occurred prior to 1938. Inlet zone maps indicate that inlets are more active 

 in this section than in the previous area. These maps are based on the loca- 

 tion of marsh islands found in the vegetated lagoons and historic maps and 

 charts. The 60-km section from Lea Island to Fort Fisher-South includes six 

 islands and the Carolina-Kure Beach mainland. Inlets have been particularly 

 active within this area during the past 150 years, accounting for over 68 

 percent of the surface sediments. This area has been impacted by washovers 

 chronically during the past 40 years, and vegetation patterns suggest occur- 

 rences which predate 1900. Washover-related physiography includes a number 

 of identifiable shoreline features which suggest a cyclic pattern of washover 

 followed by recovery. Both physiographic and vegetational recovery patterns 

 differ, depending upon the grain size distribution of the washover sediments. 



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