surges are funneled through breaches in the dune field for deposition of the 

 entrained material on the washover fan. 



Sediment budget computations show that there has been a small net loss 

 of material at each washover area, in spite of seven discrete overwash events 

 during a 26-month time interval. The predominant northwest winds effectively 

 eroded the overwash material, transporting the majority of the sand back to 

 the beach. This analysis indicates that there exists a balance between 

 overwash and eolian processes with wind transport being slightly dominant. 

 (Author) 



Leatherman, S. P., Allan, T. W. , and Fisher, J. S. 1977. "Overwash 

 Sedimentation Associated with a Large-Scale Northeaster," Marine Geology, Vol 

 24, pp 109-121. 



The 1 December 1974 northeaster was a significant event in terms of 

 sediment transport with 20 m 3 of sand per meter of dune breach being carried 

 onto the backdune area of Assateague Island, Maryland, as overwash. Previous 

 investigators have reported larger transport rates for landfall hurricanes, 

 but this is the largest amount recorded for a winter northeaster. The Ash 

 Wednesday Storm, 6-8 March 1962, was a much larger event, but no quantitative 

 data exist for overwash deposition. (Authors) 



Leatherman, S. P., ed. 1981. Overwash Processes, Benchmark Papers in 

 Geology, Vol 58, Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa. 



This book includes a collection of reprints of some of the more signi- 

 ficant historic and recent articles associated with overwash research. The 

 book is divided into six parts: (1) early works; (2) coral reefs, islands, 

 and cays; (3) estuaries and lakes; (4) barrier islands; (5) overwash deposits 

 in geologic record; and (6) management implications. The significance of 

 articles within each section is discussed by the editor. 



Leatherman, S. P., and Zaremba, R. E. 1986. "Dynamics of a Northern Barrier 

 Beach: Nauset Spit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts," Geological Society of America 

 Bulletin, Vol 97, pp 116-124. 



Quantitative analysis of historical shoreline (ocean and bay) and 

 coastal environments (dune, salt marsh, shrub, washover, and sandy beach) 

 change data for Nauset Spit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, are described in this 

 paper. There are marked differences in the relative role of the landward 

 sediment transport processes along the Nauset barrier chain. In general, the 

 barriers have been narrowing during the past century, and bayshore accretion 

 has not been equal to ocean shoreline erosion rates. Inlets are largely 

 responsible for bayside sedimentation, whereas overwash is not effective in 

 maintaining width until the barrier slims considerably. While salt marshes 

 form on intertidal washover deposits, the vast expanse of barrier-related 

 marshes have developed atop flood-tidal deltas, and overwash subsequently has 

 buried and killed the marshes. Therefore, massive washovers eventually 

 become the sites of new dunes, often at the expense of marshes in the cyclic 

 events of barrier evolution. (Authors) 



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