9. Figure 1 shows locations of the projects in NPA. The projects con- 

 sist mainly of harbors protected by breakwaters and are unique among the dis- 

 tricts in the division in three ways. First, while the harbors in southeast- 

 ern Alaska were economically justified for their support of the commercial and 

 sport fishing fleets, the harbors in southwestern Alaska have the additional 

 justification of a scarcity of safe harbors of refuge. Second, NPA has the 

 only harbors in the division where ice is a problem. Valdez Harbor is gener- 

 ally considered the northernmost ice-free port in Alaska. 



10. The third unique problem of NPA was a major earthquake in 1964 

 which destroyed or damaged several Corps projects. Cordova Harbor was up- 

 lifted 6.4 ft*; Kodiak Harbor subsided 5 ft; Seldovia Harbor subsided 3.8 ft; 

 and the harbors at Homer, Seward, and Valdez were completely destroyed. The 

 harbors at Kodiak and Seldovia were rebuilt; Cordova Harbor was rebuilt and 

 expanded; and the harbors at Homer, Seward, and Valdez were all relocated, 

 expanded, and rebuilt. In addition, the town and harbor of Port Lions were 

 established when the government relocated the inhabitants of the town of 

 Afognak, which was destroyed by the earthquake. 



11. The five jetties maintained by NPA are small, with the largest, 



530 ft in length, protecting Aurora Harbor at Juneau. The other projects con- 

 sist of a pair of jetties at Nome Harbor maintaining a channel at the mouth of 

 the Snake River and a pair of jetties at Ninilchik Harbor maintaining a chan- 

 nel at the mouth of the Ninilchik River. 



12. Figure 2 shows locations of projects in NPD. The projects consist 

 primarily of jetties to stabilize channels at the mouths of rivers to provide 

 safe navigation. Jetty pairs are located at the mouths of seven rivers, and 

 three jetty systems are located at the mouths of three rivers. The jetties 

 range in length from 850 ft at the mouth of the Chetco River to nearly 7 miles 

 long at the mouth of the Columbia River. They have design waves up to 22 ft, 

 and some date back to the late 1800' s. 



13. NPP maintains breakwaters at four harbors located in bays upstream 

 from the mouths of three rivers and at two harbors located on the coast. 



14. Figure 3 shows locations of projects in NPS. The projects con- 

 sist mainly of harbors and small-boat basins protected by breakwaters. 



* A table of factors for converting non-SI units of measurement to SI 

 (metric) units is presented on page 3. 



