for improvement of conditions at the mouth of the river. The report, sub- 

 mitted in 1882, recommended a Jetty extending from the shore near Fort Stevens 

 (on Point Adams) in a northwest direction toward a point 3 miles south of Cape 

 Disappointment and possibly a jetty on Peacock Spit. Construction on the 

 jetty began in 1885. In 1893 a board of engineers was convened to determine 

 the effects of the work and recommend any changes. The board recommended that 

 four groins be constructed on the north side of the Jetty and that the jetty 

 be raised to elevation +12 ft at shore, slope to +10 ft at 1.125 miles from 

 shore, and slope to +4 ft at the outer end (all elevations referenced to a 

 datum of mean low water (mlw)). The total length of the south jetty was 

 4.5 miles. All recommendations were adopted, and the south Jetty was com- 

 pleted in 1895. The Jetty was rubble mound and built from trestle work. 



66. In 1889 the channel depth was -20 ft mllw and had a bearing west of 

 south. With the construction of the south jetty, the channel shifted to due 

 west and increased in depth to -31 ft mllw by 1895. The channel depth re- 

 mained -30 ft mllw in 1896 and 1897 and then started to decrease as the 

 channel continued to shift to the north. By 1902, the channel ran almost due 

 north and was at -22 ft mllw, while two new channels with about the same depth 

 had formed in the western section of the bar. 



67. A new study of the mouth of the river was authorized in 1899. The 

 engineers conducting the study submitted their report in 1903, and they recom- 

 mended extending the south jetty due west for 2.5 miles, constructing a north 

 jetty from Cape Disappointment to a point 2 miles north of the outer end of 

 the 2.5-mile extension to the south jetty, and dredging. 



68. The extension of the south jetty was begun in 1903 and completed 

 in 1913. Wave action prevented repair operations by floating plant, so no 

 maintenance was done until the amount of work needed could justify the cost 

 of the trestle and plant. By 1931 the Jetty had been lowered to about mean 

 low water. The Jetty was restored, except for the outer 3,300 ft, between 

 1931 and 1936, using 2,200,000 tons of stone. Wave action then started 

 destroying the end face, causing the superstructure to ravel back 300 ft or 

 more during a normal winter season. The outer end was therefore impregnated 

 with 12,737 tons of a mixture of 18 percent asphalt and 82 percent beach sand 

 in 1937. The asphalt failed to secure the end of the jetty, and a concrete 

 terminal was constructed above the low water level during 1941 to 1942. The 

 concrete terminal was about 3,900 ft shoreward from the end of the original 



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