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IS STEEL flPES 

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FREE TIRES 

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TRUCK TIRES (40" i\*.) 



-86 TIRES RER PIPE yll TIRES PER ROW 



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FIGURE 4. PIPE-TIRE BREAKWATER MODULE 

 (NOT TO SCALE) 



pipe inserted into the beam-wise row of tires. Because the tires were not 

 perfectly a1igne(d, a "nose cone" was placed on the end of the pipe. The pipe 

 was moved into place with a large overhead crane and was shoved through the 

 row of tires with a forklift (Photograph 4). A tight structure was produced 

 by compressing one additional tire onto each end of the pipe before the keeper 

 pipes were installed (Photograph 5). This procedure brought the total number 

 of tires on each pipe to 66. The completed bay was dragged into the adjacent 

 waterway by using the overhead crane and a small tugboat (Photograph 6). This 

 process was repeated for each of the eight bays (nine pipes). After construc- 

 tion procedures had been perfected, assembly time for each bay was approxi- 

 mately 8 hours for two men. Adding the free tires, inserting the pipe, and 

 moving the completed bay off the assembly platform required an additional two 

 men and took approximately 4 hours. Construction time was considerably re- 

 duced by the use of heavy equipment and the special tools fabricated by the 

 contractor. 

 Concrete Breakwater Construction 



The two 75-ft-long concrete breakwater units were cast in Bellingham, 

 Washington. Work on these units began with the erection of steel forms. 

 Welded wire fabric (3/8-in. -diameter) was then placed on the sides, ends, and 

 bottom of the breakwater, with the top left open to allow placement of styro- 

 foam blocks during the casting process. All small pieces of reinforcing steel 

 were epoxy coated, and the larger welded wire parts were galvanized for corro- 

 sion protection. Prior to casting, 16 rebar strain gages were fastened into 



113 



