PART TI: SURVEY METHODS AND RESULTS 



Methods 



3. The survey of existing Corps structures was accomplished by studying 

 project index maps, reconnaissance reports, and special reports, and, in con- 

 junction with other work units, follow-up visits to the districts and divi- 

 sions for first-hand discussions and observations. 



Results 



4. Results of this survey, summarized in Table 1, show that of the 



21 districts/divisions contacted, 5 have experience with the use of dissimilar 

 armor. It should be noted that the majority of the districts which do not 

 presently have dissimilar armor believe there is a potential future need as it 

 becomes necessary to extend the project life of major breakwaters and jetties. 

 For example, in the Great Lakes area it is becoming increasingly difficult to 

 obtain properly shaped large size (>10 ton) stone for repair of laid-up stone 

 breakwaters. Construction and rehabilitation histories of the eight projects 

 currently using dissimilar armor are presented in Tables 2 through 9, and the 

 following paragraphs describe characteristics of the projects. 

 Cleveland Harbor 



5.- Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, is located on the southern shore of 

 Lake Erie at Cleveland, Ohio (Plate 1). Cleveland is located about 110 miles* 

 east of Toledo, Ohio, and about 191 miles west of Buffalo, New York. The har- 

 bor is protected by a 20,970-ft east breakwater, 6,048-ft west breakwater, and 

 two 1,250-ft arrowhead breakwaters. The arrowhead breakwaters are connected 

 to the east and west breakwaters at the main entrance to the harbor (Plate 1). 

 The westerly 3,000 ft of the east breakwater is composed of a timber crib, 

 constructed from 1887 to 1900, and a stone superstructure, constructed from 

 1917 to 1926. The remaining 17,970 ft of the east breakwater was constructed 

 from 1903-1915. This portion of the breakwater is a rubble-mound structure 

 with a keyed and fitted system of specially shaped armor stone. Using 



* A table of factors for converting non-SI units of measurement to SI 

 (metric) units is presented on page 3. 



