3 

 Q Longshore sand transport rate (m /sec) 



3 

 Q Maximum value of bypassing sand transport rate (m /sec) 



3 

 Q Amplitude of longshore sand transport rate (m /sec) 



s Laplace transform variable 



t Time (sec) 



t' Dimensionless time 



t Time when bypassing of a groin starts (sec) 



t Time (sec) 



t Time (s) 

 s 



t Time in the matching solution when groin bypassing starts (sec) 



t A Modified time in matching solution (sec) 



T Time period of an oscillation (sec) 



3 



V Volume of sand released from an instantaneous source (m ) 



W Distance between two groins (compartment length) (m) 



x Space coordinate along axis parallel to trend of shoreline (m) 



x' Dimensionless alongshore distance 



x Distance alongshore (m) 



y Laplace transform of a function y 



y Shoreline position (m) 



y 1 Dimensionless shoreline position 



y Geometric length 



z Integration variable 



a Angle 



a. Angle between breaking wave crests and shoreline 



a Angle between breaking wave crests and coordinate axis 



6 Constant 



Y Rate coefficient (s or m ) 



6 Ratio between the amplitudes of longshore sand transport rate in 

 two neighboring solution areas 



A Change in quantity 



2 

 e Coastal constant (diffusion coefficient) (m /sec) 



£ Integration limit in the complex plane having all singularities of 

 the integrated function to the left 



A Porosity of sand 



£ Integration variable 



3 

 p Density of water (kg/m ) 



H2 



