Coastal Engineering Significance. This is one of the few papers to be 

 based on real field measurements, and it is among several papers whose 

 findings call for increased knowledge of the directional spreading of 

 wave energy. It is also significant in that it shows how unsatisfactory 

 a simplified analysis can be in contrast to a more realistic representa- 

 tion of the current field and wave history. 



14. GADD, G.E., "An Interaction Between Surface Water Waves and a 

 Turbulent Boundary Layer and Wake," Transactions of the Royal 

 Institution of Naval Architects, London, England, Vol. 117, July 

 1975, pp. 269-276, discussion pp. 276-278. 



Keywords. Boundary Layer; Currents, Small-Scale; Experiment; Wake; Wave 

 Breaking. 



Discussion. An experiment is described in which surface waves interact 

 with the boundary layer and wake of a vertical flat plate moving through 

 water in its own plane. The waves are generated by identical ship 

 models placed symmetrically on each side of the plate. The bow waves of 

 the ship models intersect in the wake of the plate just behind the 

 plate's trailing edge. 



Photographs in the paper contrasting the waves with and without the 

 plate show that there is appreciable interaction. Measurements were 

 made, with and without the plate, of the total drag, the radiated wave 

 field, and the head loss in the water behind the plate and one of the 

 ship models. These measurements are presented in some detail and 

 clearly indicate that the flow around the models and the plate differs 

 from the sum of the flow around a plate on its own plus the flow around 

 the two models. 



Coastal Engineering Significance. This is one of the few experiments 

 which have been undertaken to explore the interaction of waves with a 

 small-scale flow field. The interaction in this particular case is 

 strong and involves wave breaking. 



15. GADZHIYEV, Y.A., KITAYGORODSKIY, S.A., and KRASITSKIY, V.P., "High- 

 Frequency Portion of Wind-Wave Spectra in the Presence of Currents 

 in a Shallow Sea," (translated from the Russian), Oceanology , 

 Academy of the Sciences of the USSR, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1978, pp. 267- 

 270. 



Keywords. Observation; Spectra; Waves, Wind. 



Discussion. Measurements of wave spectra in the Caspian Sea for depths 

 of water of 6, 12, and 40 centimeters are presented. The data presented 

 are for cases where the current is expected to be within +30 degrees of 



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