manually operated hydraulic pumps makes them desirable for small jobs. 



The underwater tests were designed to determine the ability of Navy 

 divers to operate the pumps in different types of diving gear and to 

 determine the susceptibility of this type of pump to salt water corrosion. 

 For the diver performance tests a hydraulic ram was repeatedly extended 

 against the load cell. 



The forces required to operate these pumps (see Figure 10) depended 

 on the handle modifications . The forces in Figure 10 were applied normal 

 to the handle at the location where the diver usually would hold it . 

 Divers found it difficult to operate the hydraulic pumps at the higher 

 pressures shown for each pump. It was not possible to find the handle 

 forces required for hydraulic pressures above 4000 psi because of 

 excessive load cell deflection. The pull stroke pump was adequate for 

 diver operation to hydraulic pressures of 4000 psi. The push stroke 

 pump's usefulness was limited to 1000 psi, and the pump used with the 

 deep sea dress was usable but not recommended for diving operations. 



The mean times for the diver to pump 20 cubic inches (one ram 

 extension) of hydraulic fluid at pressures ranging from 450 to 3600 psi 

 are shown in Table I. Each cubic inch of fluid pumped required 6.6 full 

 strokes of the pump handle. These tests were performed in the NCEL 

 Diving Locker Tank with good visibility and water temperatures of 60 to 

 65 F. The mean times are the average of four to six repetitions by 

 four different divers . Each diver was in the water for 15 to 30 minutes . 



Table I. Summary of Diver Operated Hydraulic Pump Tests 







Mean Time to 





Pump and 



Hydraulic 



Pump 20 cu in 



Range of 



Diving Dress 



Pressure (psi) 



of Fluid (Min) 



Times (Min) 



Pull stroke pump 



450 



- 



- 



w/wet suit and 



900 



3.2 



2.5 - 3.6 



Kirby-Morgan 



1800 



3.6 



2.9 - 4.3 



Band Mask 



2700 



3.8 



3.5 - 4.1 





3600 



4.0 



2.9 - 4.5 



Push stroke pump 



450 



2.9 



2.3 - 3.3 



w/wet suit and 



900 



3.0 



2.7 - 3.6 



Kirby-Morgan 



1800 



- 



- 



Band Mask 



2700 



- 



- 





3600 



- 



- 



Deep Sea Dress 



450 



_ 



_ 



Pump and Diving 



900 



- 



- 



Gear 



1800 



6.2 



4.6 - 6.8 





2700 



7.1 



4.1 - 9.5 





3600 



7.1 



4.6 - 9.5 



