In addition to providing a base for test fixtures, the entire test 

 stand was used as a jacking and pulling load on the ocean bottom at 

 Anacapa Island. 



PRESENTATION OF THE TEST RESULTS AND EVALUATIONS 



A large number of tools and equipment were tested in the hydraulic 

 tools program. The evaluation of these tests is divided into two groups. 

 The first group includes the tests of tools and equipment that were 

 powered by the divers themselves. The second test grouping is the open 

 center equipment that was supplied with hydraulic power from a diesel- 

 driven hydraulic power source. The tools and equipment are discussed 

 individually with the following format: 



Description of the tool/equipment 



Purpose of the tool/equipment 



Test objective and description 



Test data 



Human factors analysis of the tool/equipment 



Mechanical analysis of the tool/equipment 



DIVER-POWERED EQUIPMENT 

 Hydraulic Pumps 



All the diver-powered hydraulic pumps tested were automatic two-speed 

 commercial pumps with a low pressure (<350 psi) piston displacement of 

 0.9940 cubic inches and a high pressure (< 10,000 psi) piston displacement 

 of 0.1503 cubic inches. The pump alone weighed 27 pounds in air and 18 

 pounds in water. The hydraulic pumps were modified for operation under- 

 water based on the type of diving equipment used. 



The pump shown in Figures 4 and 5 was mounted on a piece of 3/4-inch 

 plywood with a handle on one end and a 20-pound weight on the other end. 

 The pump operates on the down or push stroke and was designed for opera- 

 tion by divers using scuba equipment and Navy shallow water gear. The 

 other hydraulic pump also designed for scuba and shallow water gear is 

 shown in Figures 6 and 7. The handle pivot point on this pump was 

 reversed so that pumping occurred on the up or pull stroke. The third 

 pump, shown in Figures 8 and 9, was modified so that a diver in the 

 Navy's Mark V deep sea dress could stand on the base and operate the 

 pump with the extended handle. 



This type of hydraulic pump (without modification) normally is used 

 to operate jacks, wire rope cutters, and pipe benders in industrial 

 facilities and on construction projects. The purpose of testing these 

 pumps underwater was to determine if they could be used by salvage divers 

 to generate quantities of high pressure hydraulic fluid to accomplish 

 useful work. It is not desirable to utilize the diver as a prime mover 

 on large or repetitive-type tasks, but the low cost and availability of 



