study which requires these data over long time periods. The 

 alternative, which is used in this study, is to derive the required 

 forcing fields from a parametric analytical model. 



Schwerdt et al. (1979) developed a model for surface wind fields 

 associated with hurricanes for the Gulf and East Coasts of the United 

 States which is commonly known as National Weather Service Model, 

 NWS-23. This model was employed to reconstruct radial wind profiles 

 for hurricane Car la. Comparisons between the model results and the 

 observed profiles revealed that this model does not satisfactorily 

 depict the observed Car la winds in the far field. It is remarked 

 that effect of the storm forward speed is ignored 



In NWS-23 there are two variables, the maximum wind, Vjj,, cUid the 

 radius to maximum wind, R, that determine the wind speed for a 

 stationary storm. Therefore, in order to obtain good comparison of 

 the winds in the far field, either Vjjj or R, or both have to be 

 changed and this inevitably deteriorates the winds near the center of 

 the storm. 



Holland (1980) proposed a new model that has two parameters, C 



and k that independently define the location of the maximum winds and 



the shape of the wind profile, respectively. The model thus allows 



the adjustment of wind speed in the far field through the parameter 



k, without changing R. The gradient wind profile is given as 



1 

 W = [Ck(Pj^ - F^)exp(-C/rh/p^r^ + (Jrf)^]^ - Jrf, (68) 



where Wg is the gradient wind at a distant r from the center, f is 

 the Coriolis parameter, p- is the the air density (assumed constant), 



34 



