PREFACE 
This report was sponsored by the Office, Chief of Engineers (OCE), 
U. S. Army, as a part of the Environmental Impact Research Program (EIRP) 
Work Unit 31532 entitled Ecological Effects of Rubble Structures, which was 
assigned to the U. S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC). The 
Center, originally located at Fort Belvoir, Va., moved to the U. S. Army 
Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, Miss., on 1 July 
1983. The Technical Monitors for the study were Dr. John Bushman and 
Mr. Earl Eiker of OCE and Mr. Dave Mathis, Water Resources Support Center. 
The study and preparation of a draft final report were accomplished 
during the time period September 1977 to May 1983. 
The report was prepared by Dr. Robert F. Van Dolah, Mr. David M. Knott, 
and Dr. Dale R. Calder through the Marine Resources Research Institute of the 
South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. Dr. Calder is 
currently at the Royal Ontario Museum. 
The authors are very grateful to Mr. Arthur K. Hurme and Mr. E. J. Pullen 
of the CERC for their role in initiating this investigation, and for their 
support and encouragement throughout the study. We wish to thank Magdalene 
Maclin, Beth Roland and George Steele for their considerable efforts on this 
project, both in the field and laboratory. Other individuals who frequently 
assisted us in the field included Mary Jo Clise, Stan Hales, Priscilla Hinde, 
Terry Hodges and Caroline O'Rourke. Particular thanks are due to Dr. Reid 
Wiseman, who identified all of the algae found on the jetties, and to 
Dr. George Sedberry, who identified and analyzed the contents of fish stomachs. 
Finally, we wish to thank Nancy Beaumont who typed the various drafts of this 
report, and Karen Swanson who drafted all the figures. 
Mr. Hurme was the CERC Technical Advisor for the contract under the 
general supervision of Mr. Pullen, Chief, CERC Coastal Ecology Branch, and 
Mr. R. P. Savage, Chief, CERC Research Division. Dr. Roger T. Saucier, WES, 
was the Program Manager of EIRP. 
Technical Director of CERC at Fort Belvoir during the study and 
preparation of the draft final report was Dr. Robert W. Whalin. Commander 
