Preface 



The investigation summarized in this report was conducted by the 

 U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station's (WES's) Coastal and 

 Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL). The CHL was formed in October 1996 with 

 the merger of the WES Coastal Engineering Research Center and Hydrau- 

 lics Laboratory. Dr. James R. Houston is the Director of the CHL and 

 Messrs. Richard A. Sager and Charles C. Calhoun, Jr., are Assistant Directors. 

 This project was selected for study and funded by the Monitoring Completed 

 Navigation Projects (MCNP) program. The MCNP Program Manager is 

 Ms. Carolyn Holmes, CHL. This program is sponsored by Headquarters, 

 U.S. Army Coips of Engineers (HQUSACE). The HQUSACE Technical Mon- 

 itors are Messrs. John H. Lockhart, Jr., Charles Chesnutt, and Barry W. 

 HoUiday. The project is under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Engineer 

 District, Detroit. 



Work was performed under the general supervision of Ms. Joan Pope, 

 Chief, Coastal Structures and Evaluation Branch (CSEB), CHL; and 

 Mr. Thomas W. Richardson, Chief, Engineering Development Division, CHL. 



This report was prepared by Dr. Robert Nairn and Mr. Peter Zuzek of 

 W. F. Baird and Associates, Coastal Engineers, Ltd., and by Mr. Larry E. 

 Parson and Dr. Andrew Morang, CHL. Field data were collected by the 

 Detroit District's Grand Haven Area Office, CHL, the U.S. Geological Survey, 

 Western Michigan University, and the University of Michigan. Technical 

 reviewer of the report was Mr. Edward B. Hands, CHL. 



At the time of publication of this report. Director of WES was 

 Dr. Robert W. Whalin. Commander was COL Bruce K. Howard, EN. 



The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, 

 or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an 

 official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. 



