CONTENTS 



Page 



PREFACE 1 



PART I : INTRODUCTION 4 



Objectives 4 



Scope 5 



Definition and Purposes of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters 5 



The Need for Optimization 6 



Organization of the Report 7 



PART II : BASIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES 9 



Design Criteria 9 



The Hudson Formula 10 



Alternative Stability Relations 13 



Practical Considerations for Stability 18 



Physical Modeling for Stability 27 



PART III: ESTIMATING DAMAGE RATES 35 



Damage Assessment 35 



Analytical Damage Prediction 37 



PART IV: ESTIMATING WAVE TRANSMISSION 45 



Wave Transmission by Diffraction 45 



Wave Transmission by Overtopping 45 



Wave Transmission Through Permeable Breakwaters 52 



PART V: COST-EFFECTIVE OPTIMIZATION 54 



The Principle of Optimization 54 



An Idealized Approach 54 



A Practical Approach 57 



PART VI : SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 69 



Summary 69 



Conclusions 71 



REFERENCES 73 



APPENDIX A: COMPUTER PROGRAM BWL0SS1 A1 



Estimation of Economic Losses as a Function of Wave Height A1 



Sample Execution and Output , A3 



Program Listing A5 



APPENDIX B: COMPUTER PROGRAM BWCOMP B1 



Comparison of Breakwater Volumes and Costs B1 



Program Input B2 



Computations B3 



Sample Interactive Session B6 



Sample Output B8 



Sample Program Listing B12 



