Preface 



Funding for work discussed in this report was provided by the Coastal 

 Navigation and Damage Reduction Program (CNSDR), which is part of the Civil 

 Works Research and Development Program, Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of 

 Engineers (HQUSACE). The research was funded directly by CNSDR Work 

 Unit 32792, "Reliability-Based Design and Evaluation of Coastal Rubble 

 Structures" at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) of the U.S. Army 

 Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Vicksburg, MS, a complex of 

 five laboratories of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 

 (ERDC). The CHL was formed in October 1996 with the merger of the WES 

 Coastal Engineering Research Center and the Hydraulics Laboratory. 

 Dr. James R. Houston was the Director of the CHL, and Mr. Charles C. 

 Calhoun, Jr. (retired), was the Assistant Director. 



The CNSDR Coordinator was Mr. David Mathis, Directorate of Research and 

 Development, HQUSACE. Messrs. John Bianco, Barry Holliday, and Charles 

 Chesnutt served as HQUSACE Program Monitors. Ms. Carolyn Holmes, CHL, 

 was the Program Manager. Dr. Jeffrey A. Melby, CHL, was the Principal 

 Investigator of Research Work Unit 32792. 



The studies were done under the direct supervision of Mr. C. Gene 

 Chatham, Jr., Chief, Navigation and Harbors Division, and Mr. D. D. Davidson 

 (retired). Chief, Coastal Structures Branch, CHL. Mr. Davidson and 

 Dr. Steven A. Hughes, CHL, provided technical review of this report. 



This report is a dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 

 degree of Philosophy from the University of Delaware, Newark, DE. The author 

 would like to thank Professor Nobuhisa Kobayashi, University of Delaware, for 

 serving as chairman of his dissertation committee and for his tireless 

 contributions to the research reported herein. Further, the author would like to 

 thank other members of his dissertation committee: Professors Tony Dalrymple, 

 Richard Garvine, and Michael Chajes, all of the University of Delaware. The 

 author gratefully acknowledges and commends the efforts of Messrs. John 

 Winkelman, U.S. Army Engineer District, San Francisco, and Willie Dubose, 

 CHL in this project. Mr. Winkelman was directly involved with planning the 



XV 



