APPENDIX A: SCHEME OF INITIAL DESIGN USED AT LAKEVIEW PARK 



1. Presented in this Appendix is the scheme used for designing a seg- 

 mented detached breakwater and an artificially placed recreational beach at 

 Lakeview Park, Ohio, on Lake Erie (Figure 11, main text). A complete descrip- 

 tion of the history, design, construction, and performance of the project is 

 given by Walker, Clark, and Pope (1981) and Pope and Rowen (1983). 



2. The designers wanted to prevent tombolo formation and avoid starva- 

 tion of adjacent beaches. Based on a review of existing single breakwater 

 projects, they postulated a criterion based on the diffraction coefficient of 

 waves from the net easterly and westerly directions (Figure Al). Using dif- 

 fraction diagrams such as Figures 2-28 to 2-58 of the SPM, the 0.3 diffraction 

 coefficient (Kd) isolines for waves from the west at the western end of each 

 segment and waves from the east at the eastern end of each segment were drawn 

 on a chart (Figure Al ) . If the wave conditions and breakwater configuration 

 were such that these isolines crossed lakeward of the original shoreline, then 

 it was postulated that enough energy penetrated the shadow zone to prevent 

 tombolo development. This has proven to be the case at Lakeview Park. The 



Kd = 0.3 isolines crossed lakeward of the filled beach and the shoreline sa- 

 lients have not connected to the structure. The shape of the equilibrium 

 shoreline is approximated by drawing in the diffracted wave crests. At Lake- 

 view Park, the general position and orientation of the shoreline is determined 

 by the length of the terminal groin at the east end of the project, the pre- 

 dominant wave direction, and the amount of fill placed. The structure did not 

 cause accretion of a large expanse of beach, although the project has en- 

 trapped slightly more material than was artificially placed. The shoreline 

 response reflects not only the effects of the breakwater, but also the termi- 

 nal groins and the placed beachfill. 



Al 



