LIST OF FIGURES 



No. Page 



1 Definition of detached breakwater terminology 6 



2 Segmented detached breakwater design considerations 8 



3 Breakwater and nearly symmetric tombolo (incident 



waves normal to shore) , Tel Aviv, Israel 10 



4 Detached breakwaters and asymmetric tombolos (oblique 



wave climate), Singapore 12 



5 Two views of detached breakwaters with asymmetric salients 



(slightly oblique wave climate), Presque Isle, Pennsylvania ... 13 



6 Detached breakwater at Venice, California 15 



7 Shoreline response to initial construction of 



Santa Barbara breakwater 17 



8 Santa Monica breakwater and salient 18 



9 Breakwater at Haleiwa Beach, Hawaii 19 



10 Breakwater at Winthrop Beach, Massachusetts 21 



11 Spring (a) and fall (b) beach conditions and the detached 



breakwater and terminal groins at Lakeview Park, 



Lorain, Ohio 23 



12 Detached breakwater test at Presque Isle, Pennsylvania 24 



13 Breakwater project at Colonial Beach, Virginia 27 



14 Small recreational beach project at Lakeshore Park, 



Ashtabula, Ohio 29 



15 Prototype test breakwater at East Harbor State Park, Ohio 29 



16 Comparison of diffraction pattern theory 33 



17 Condition ensuring tombolo development assuming 



linear wave theory 38 



18 Possible shore response to a segmented detached breakwater 



with incident waves normal to shore 41 



19 Change in shoreline response due to reducing segment 



length and increasing gap number 44 



20 Segmented detached breakwaters showing the effects of varying the 



segment length and the number of gaps; near Rome, Italy 45 



21 Permeable, overtopped, segmented detached breakwater located 



landward of breaker zone; Kakuda-Hama, Japan 46 



22 Effect of structure orientation on salient 48 



Al Lakeview Park design scheme A2 



Bl Layout of design for a single tombolo B2 



B2 Layout of design for a series of unconnected salients B3 



B3 Layout of design for uniform shoreline advance B6 



