ni at an elevation of 3 m and then tapered with a 1 : 20 slope to join the 

 original beach profile at a depth of 1.4 m (Figs. 4 and 6). The other fill 

 strategy is termed profile nourishment (Bruun 1988), called a "Bruun fill" 

 here, in which material was placed over the profile in approximate equal 

 amounts from an elevation of +1 m to -2 m (Figs 5 and 7). True profile 

 nourishment might place the fill to a greater depth, perhaps to -4 m. Because 

 of the practical inf easibility of such a design, the Bruun fill was configured 

 to be closer to shore. The amount of fill was the same for each template, 

 140 m 3 /m. 



Figures 4-11 pertain to a 0.20-mm sand beach, for which both the fills and 

 the beach had the same grain size. Runs were also made for fill grain sizes 

 in increments from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm. In these cases, the grain size was 

 specified as the fill size over the portion of the profile originally occupied 

 by the fill, and 0.2 mm elsewhere. A water temperature of 20° C was specified 

 in the model for computation of the sand fall speed. 



RESULTS 

 Profile Change 



Figs. 4-7 illustrate the impacts of the two storms on the beach profiles. 

 The bold line labelled "profile without fill" gives a hypothetical dune, 

 beach, and subaqueous equilibrium profile for reference. The solid line 

 labelled "profile with fill" shows the fill configuration prior to storm 

 action (at the completion of construction). The dashed "pre-storm" line shows 

 the profile after 6.5 days of typical waves. The line with a marker repre- 

 sents the post-storm profile configuration, prior to the start of the recovery 

 wave period. The line labelled "post- storm recovery" shows the profile after 

 experiencing approximately two weeks of recovery waves. 



Pre-storm: Pre-storm profiles of the berm and Bruun fills differ signif- 

 icantly in the inner surf zone. A steep step is produced in the berm, whereas 

 the Bruun fill experiences gentler changes since it was placed in a near- 

 equilibrium configuration. For both cross-sections, a small breakpoint bar 

 formed at about the 210-220-m mark (measured from an arbitrary baseline). For 

 all cases, material was removed from the inner surf zone and distributed along 

 the profile beyond the depth of 2 m. Thus, regardless of the initial fill 



116 



