10- 



10' 



10' 



"I — I — I I M 1 1{ 1 — I — I I I 1 1 1| r 



Re =200 {aim/k)(V2/fw 



Re = 2 000 (oim/k) 



TTTT 



. R. =500{a|rT,/k)(l/8/k 



I I I iii | 



o = SPL 

 • : SET 



n I I I I I L 



Rough Turbulent Flow Regime 

 (os defined by Jonsson, 1966) 



I ' 1 1 — I I /li I 1 1 I I I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I I Mill I I I I I I I ll I I I I I I I I 



10^ lO"* 10^ 10^ 10' 10 



Figure 10. Flow regime. 



1.2 

 I.I 



- 



+ 



1 



1 1 1 



-TJ \ 



J-' 



1 1 1 



• 



1 1 11^ 



• — 

 • 



a • - 



1.0 



- 



+ 





+ 

 + 







• 





0.9 



- 



V 





+ 







• 

 • 



• _ 

 + 



0.8 



_ 



• 





a 







LEGEND 



_ 





- 



•B 









• 

 + 



This Study 



Dai and Kamel ( 1969) 



0.7 



- 



•# 



a 



1 1 1 







Rough Quorrysfone 



1 



0.6 



- + 

 _+ 





1 



A..L± 



1 



Thomsen , Wohit, ond Horrison 

 (1972) Dumped Kimmswick 

 Limestone 



1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 



2 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 

 R,^/10,000 



30 40 50 60 80 100 



Figure 11. 



Scale effects factor versus Reynolds number for 

 various sources of data. 



25 



