3 Tests and Results 



Method of Constructing Test Sections 



All experimental breakwater sections were constructed to reproduce as 

 closely as possible results of the usual methods of constructing full-scale 

 breakwaters. The core material, which was oversized to aid in compensating 

 for transmission scale effects, was dampened as it was dumped by bucket or 

 shovel into the flume and was compacted with hand trowels to simulate 

 natural consolidation resulting from wave action during construction of the 

 prototype structure. Once the core material was in place, it was sprayed with 

 a low-velocity water hose to ensure adequate compaction of the material. The 

 underlayer stone (W/10), which was equal in size to the core (due to core 

 oversizing for transmission effects), then was added by shovel and smoothed 

 to grade by hand or with trowels. Limestone blocks used in the cover layers 

 and sublayer (W/2) were placed in a random manner corresponding to work 

 performed by a general coastal contractor; i.e., they were individually placed 

 but were laid down without special orientation or fitting. It was necessary at 

 the original building and each major rebuilding to readjust the armor blocks in 

 the cover and sublayer to reproduce the desired prototype wave transmission. 

 Once the prototype transmission had been reproduced on the existing 

 structure, it was not rebuilt unless substantial damage was observed or the 

 plan to be tested called for changes that would purposely affect existing wave 

 transmission. If slight damage, i.e., a few randomly displaced armor blocks, 

 did occur to the existing structure during any specified test plan, the displaced 

 armor blocks were replaced back on the existing structure. 



Simulation of Existing Structure (Plans 1, 1A, 1A1, 

 1A2 and 1A3) 



Plan 1 (Figure 3) was constructed to a crown elevation of + 13 ft lwd and 

 used armor slopes of IV on 1.7H, both lakeside and harbor-side. The lake- 

 side slope (above -27 ft lwd) and crest were armored with two layers of 10- to 

 16-ton limestone blocks, whereas the harbor-side slope used one layer of 10- 

 to 16-ton blocks between +3 and -13 ft lwd. A graded mixture of limestone 

 blocks was used to form the armor layer and underlayer. The distribution of 

 individual stone weights within these mixtures was as follows: 



Chapter 3 Tests and Results 



