Figure 2. North seawall at Oarai, Japan, May 1980 



Figure 3. South end of north seawall at Oarai, Japan, May 1980 

 (Seawall face in lower right portion of photograph) 



a particular location, sand cannot originate from that area. There can be a 

 net gain, but no net loss, for a beach area in contact with a seawall (since 

 it is assumed in the shoreline model that the beach level does not drop below 

 the water line and that the beach slope does not change). However, sand can 

 move alongshore through such an area, passing into and out of its boundaries, 

 according to the natural direction of transport. Sand can also be deposited 



13 



