1.4 

 1.2 



1 

 0.8 

 0.6 

 0.4 

 0.2 



Final Model, uilth Intermediate damping 





(a) 



0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 

 Time (sec) 



1.02 

 1.015 



1.01 



1.005 



1 



0.995 



0.99 

 0.985 



0.98 



Final Model, uith intermediate damping 



fcflPJitP 



(b) 



0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 



Time (sec) 



. □ Final Model, ujith intermediate damping 



a 1.4 - 



Figure 12 



Impact energy (a), body motion (b), and piston stroke (c) relative motion plots for 



the model with 30 percent damping coefficients. 



24 



