3 Field Data Collection and 

 Observation 



In order to apply appropriate technologies to a field study, the coastal 

 scientist should know something about the nature of the problem and the 

 expected outcome. For example, if a community is being threatened by 

 erosion, measurements of processes, topography, and bathymetry may be in 

 order to determine storm-induced and long-term erosion trends. Also, studies 

 of historical data may be required to determine the rates and spatial variability 

 of shoreline change over time. Studies involving stratigraphy may be 

 required, especially if finding local sources of borrow material for beach 

 nourishment is necessary. Design of a research study must include thorough 

 planning of objectives and sampling strategies, given temporal, logistical, and 

 budgetary constraints. Much time and effort can be wasted during a field 

 study if the research objectives are not well-defined and the sampling plan is 

 inappropriate. 



Secondary sources of coastal data often cannot satisfy all of the specific 

 purposes or objectives of a study whose purpose is to assess the geologic and 

 geomorphic history of coasts. However, it is likely that secondary sources 

 can provide useful supplemental information. In addition, these sources can 

 be helpful in designing a field data collection program. 



If a field collection program is to be undertaken, the type of data to be 

 acquired depends upon study objectives, parameters required, area to be 

 studied, funding available, refinement of data (resolution) and site conditions. 

 Thorough background work should be conducted and secondary sources 

 consulted before the field visit. While in the field, either for reconnaissance 

 or detailed sampling, relevant data and information should be meticulously 

 recorded in water-resistant field books. Details can also be recorded on a tape 

 recorder. Photographs serve as valuable records of field conditions, sampling 

 equipment, and procedures. Increasingly, video recorders are being used 

 during field reconnaissance. 



The type of work conducted in the field may fall into several categories. 

 It may range from a simple visual site inspection to a detailed collection of 

 process measurements, sediment samples, stratigraphic samples, topographic 

 and bathymetric data, and geophysical data. Studies may include exploring 



Chapter 3 Field Data Collection and Observation 



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