4 — Laboratory Techniques and Approaches 66 



Laboratory Observation and Experiment 66 



Physical Models 76 



5 — Analysis and Interpretation of Coastal Data 80 



Wave Records 81 



Water Level Records 92 



Current Records 95 



Maps and Photographs 105 



Topographic and Bathymetric Data 109 



Coastal Data Interpretation with Numerical Models 120 



6 — Summary and Conclusions 124 



References 127 



Appendix A: Glossary Al 



Appendix B: List of Wave Information Studies (WIS) Reports Bl 



Appendix C: List of Selected Sources for Aerial Photography and Other 



Remote Sensing Data CI 



Appendix D: Addresses of Government Agencies Producing Maps ... Dl 



Appendix E: List of Journals That Contain Articles Pertaining to the 



Geologic and Geomorphic History of Coasts El 



Appendix F: Field Reconnaissance for Coastal Erosion Study, Site Visit 



Checklist Fl 



List of Figures 



Figure 1 . Some techniques for studying geomorphic changes of coasts 



over various time scales 3 



Figure 2. A three-dimensional view of some features commonly 



associated with a barrier island system, including the back 

 barrier, overwash fans, and lagoons 4 



Figure 3. Surface and subsurface environments and variations of barrier 



islands, strand plain coasts, and tidal flats 5 



