Figure 4. Typical breakwater cross sections 6 



Figure 5. 3-D model layout 8 



Figure 6. General view of 3-D model 9 



Figure 7. Layout of recommended 3-D model test plan 10 



Figure 8. Typical wave patterns for Plan 47; 14-sec, 4.9-m (16-ft) test 



waves from west 11 



Figure 9. Typical current patterns and magnitudes (prototype feet per 



second) for Plan 47 for test waves from west 12 



Figure 10. General movement of tracer material and subsequent deposits 



for Plan 47 for test waves from west-northwest 13 



Figure 1 1 . Wave flume cross section 14 



Figure 12. Cross section of recommended breakwater 14 



Figure 13. Model view of recommended breakwater cross section 15 



Figure 14. Prototype gauge locations at St. Paul Harbor 19 



Figure 15. Coarse grid used for initial stage of wave hindcast study 21 



Figure 16. Fine-resolution grid used for final stage of wave hindcast study ... 22 



Figure 17. Video camera used to obtain runup data 23 



Figure 18. Ground control points (GCP's) and profile (PFL) locations 



established on breakwater 24 



Figure 1 9. View of collection box used for measurement of wave 



overtopping 25 



Figure 20. Flow transducers and recorder used to determine overtopping 



rates 26 



Figure 2 1 . Massive overtopping of St. Paul Harbor main breakwater on 



3 November 1994 27 



Figure 22. Collapsed apron resulting from 3 November 1994 storm 27 



Figure 23. Example of target established on St. Paul breakwater 29 



Figure 24. Bathymetry at St. Paul Harbor, September 1986 33 



Figure 25. Bathymetry at St. Paul Harbor, August 1992 34 



Figure 26. Contours of bathymetric changes between September 1 986 and 



August 1992 surveys 35 



Figure 27. Bathymetry at St. Paul Harbor, July 1995 36 



Figure 28. Contours of bathymetric changes between August 1992 and July 



1995 surveys 37 



Figure 29. Areas at harbor entrance selected for detailed analysis 38 



