

xliv. [supplement.] 



THE GARDENERS 



CHRONICLE 



[June 8, 1912. 



Mr. James George, 14, Redgrave Road, Put- 

 ney, displayed peat litable for growing Orchids 

 and Mushroom spawn, and various fertilisers and 

 manures. 



.Messrs. R. A. Lister & Co., Ltd., 183, Gray's 

 Inn Road, Holborn, showed tubs for shrubs and a 

 series of designs of garden furniture in various 



woods. 



Messrs. Ambrose Palmer & Co., 87, Mount 

 Street, Mayfair, gave an excellent display of 

 their M Simplicity " fruit-packing boxes. The 

 system is one of felt-lined, slotted inner trays 

 and effective rigidity of the casing. 



The Royal Society for the Protection of 

 Birds, 23, Queen Anne's Gate, S.W., put up an 

 interesting stand of birds' nesting-boxes cut out 

 of natural wood logs. Feeding trays, seed bells, 

 and other devices for the encouragement and pre- 

 servation of birds, together with literature about 

 them, were also on view. 



Messrs. H. Pattisson & Co., 4, Greyhound 

 Lane, Streatham, S.W., showed their well-known 

 horse boots for use on lawns, &c, also a series of 

 tools for removing weeds from grass areas, cut- 

 ting instruments for turf renovation and laying, 

 and the "Max" water distributor, a tripod 

 form of hose spraying nozzle, self-supporting and 

 rigid once in position. 



Messrs. James Green & Nephew, Ltd., 107, 

 Queen Victoria Street, London, filled a large and 

 attractive stand with the Munstead flower glasses 

 in many artistic designs and cutting. The ware 

 is in white and soft green shades and flower 

 holders are placed inside for the better arrange- 

 ment of the contents. 



Messrs. James Carter & Co., Raynes Park, 

 London, displayed an interesting series of cases 

 showing the germination of seeds in their system 

 of t st of fertility. 



Messrs. Eliott Bros. & Co., Beauchamp Place, 

 Chelsea, exhibited their greenhouse shading, a 

 preparation in fine powder for mixing with cold 

 water. It affords a light-green shading, and, 

 besides the advantage of being mixed with cold 

 water, the shading has lasting qualities. 



Messrs. Lloyd, Lawrence & Co., 29, Worship 



Street, London, E.C., had specimens of the Penn- 

 sylvania lawn-mowers in all sizes, Planet Jr. hoes 

 and lawn-sweepers. 



The Army & Navy Auxiliary Co-operative 

 Supply, Ltd., filled a large bungalow with gar- 

 den machines and requisites. Tools of all 

 the leading makes were displayed in large 



numbers. 



Robert Sydenham Limited, Tenby Street, 

 Birmingham, showed silver-plated flower stands 

 and holders for table decorations. 



Mr. John Pinches, 3, Crown Buildings, Crown 

 Street, Camberwell, S.E., exhibited their Acme 

 labels and examples of practically every article 

 of utilitv to the exhibitor. Exhibitors' boxes, 

 trays, ticket holders, and flower supporters, also 

 a series of wire frame for weeping Rambler Roses 

 were included in the exhibit. 



Messrs. G. F. Braggins & Co., Banbury, Oxon, 

 showed models of drive gates, articles of turnery, 

 and Braggins' patent kit-carts, suitable for fruit 

 gathering and other light garden traction. The 

 structure of this vehicle is extremely light, yet 

 strong. The sides, when detached, form a ladder, 

 and the platform a stretcher or hand-barrow. 



Miss Helen Colt, 25, Ferncroft Avenue, 

 Hampstead, exhibited models of gardens, show- 

 ing styles and furnishing of town areas and 

 villa gardens. 



Messrs. Geo. Jack man & Sons, Woking, dis- 

 played park and garden designs and photographs 

 of wall and water gardens, Rose gardens, 

 rockeries, and pools. « 



The Selborne Society, 42, Bromsgrove 

 Square, staged a variety of nesting-boxes for 

 various species of birds. 



The Agricultural & Horticultural Asso- 

 ciation, Ltd., London, showed seed-cleaning and 

 winnowing machines in various sizes. 



The John Groom's Flower Girls' Mission, 



Sekforde Street, Clerkenwell, exhibited some 

 astonishingly realistic flowers made by the blind 

 and crippled inmates. 



Mr. C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden, showed 

 photographs and plans of many types of garden 



S. & E. Collier, Ltd., Reading, exhibited 

 Reading hand-made pottery and the Silchester 

 art pottery in various designs. 



The 

 Street, 

 shades 



Coldrum Pottery Co., 10a, 

 Chelsea, exhibited art pottery in 

 and shapes. 



College 

 various 



THE SCIENTIFIC EXHIBITS. 





The experiment of forming a scientihc section 

 to the Exhibition was amply justified by the 

 results. Upwards of 30 exhibits were staged m 

 the section, and, though they were not all equally 

 well arranged, they provided the attentive visi- 

 tor with a striking demonstration of the many 

 ways in which science is seeking to solve horti- 

 cultural problems. Indeed, the variety of the 

 scientific and educational exhibits was even more 

 noteworthy than their numbers. As was to be 

 expected, exhibits dealing with plant pests were 

 more numerous than any others, though, as will 

 be seen from the following list of subjects, many 

 other important aspects of scientific horticulture 

 were represented. The exhibits may be classified 

 thus : — 



1. Phytopathological (plant pests). 



2. Methods of plant-cultivation and propaga- 



tion. 



3. The relation of plants to soil. 



4. The general physiology and chemistry of 



plants. 



5. Plant-breeding and the history and origin 



of cultivated plants. 



The first section — that of plant pests — included 

 some 13 separate exhibits. Among the exhibitors 

 in this group were the Board of Agriculture, 

 which showed large coloured maps, illustrating 

 the distribution of the American Gooseberry mil- 

 dew and of wart disease of Potatos, and also 

 maps showing the areas devoted to fruit-growing 

 in the different parts of England. 



The Department of Agriculture and Tech- 

 nical Education (Ireland) exhibited an in- 

 teresting collection of the principal diseases 

 affecting the Potato, viz., Spongospora scab, 

 black stalk rot, collar fungus, black pit, &c. 



The Harper Adams Agricultural College, 

 Newport, and the R.H.S. Gardens, Wisley, also 

 sent exhibits of Potato diseases, the former show- 

 ing the life-history of wart disease, and the latter 

 exhibiting specimens affected by various im- 

 portant, though obscure, diseases, including 

 canker tumour. 



A very complete series of specimens in cases, 

 illustrating the pests of fruit trees and bushes, 

 was sent by the South- Eastern Agricultural 

 College, Wye, and a most interesting exhibit 

 by Mr. Spencer Pickering, F.R.S. (Woburn 

 Experiment Station), displayed trees attacked by 

 silver-leaf disease and mussel scale, and also 

 cages containing caterpillars of some of the fol- 

 lowing pests of fruit trees: — Magpie moth, 

 Gooseberry and Currant sawfly, Apple sawfly, 

 lackey moth, and winter moth. 



Silver-leaf disease of Plums and other plants 

 was illustrated by the exhibits sent by Professor 

 Percival (Agricultural Department, University 

 College, Reading) and Mr. Brooks (Botany 

 School, University of Cambridge). Mr. Brooks's 

 exhibit included also specimens showing the life- 

 history of Plum-rust, the aecidial stage of which 

 was exhibited on the leaves of Anemone 

 coronaria. 



Mr. George Massee exhibited a fine series of 

 coloured illustrations of fungi, and Mr. Herm 

 Eicke, Frankfurt-on-Maine, sent dried specimens 

 of fungi parasitic on fruit trees. 



Mr. F. Enock showed specimens and drawings 

 of British mymaridse (egg-parasites), and Prof. R. 

 Newstead, Liverpool School of Tropical Medi- 

 cine, exhibited injurious scale-insects. M. 

 Georges Truffaut showed a wonderful series 

 of life-histories of insects which damage horti- 

 cultural and other crops. 



In the second section — that illustrating 

 methods of cultivation and propagation — Mr. 

 Drew (Horticultural Department, University 

 College, Reading) showed a very complete and in- 

 structive series of specimens illustrating the 

 various stocks used in the propagation of the 

 larger fruits, and the best methods of treatment 

 in the early stages of training. 



Professor Bayley Balfour (Royal Botanic 

 Gardens, Edinburgh) showed preserved speci- 

 mens illustrating modes of propagation of plants 

 and the stages in the rooting of cuttings. 



Messrs. James Veitch exhibited a large num- 

 ber of cross-grafted plants, including various 

 Conifers, Cupressus on Thuya, Libocedrus on 

 Thuya, &c. 



In the third section — that dealing with the 

 relation of plants to soil — the Rothamsted 

 Experiment Station exhibited in a most striking 

 manner the effects of " soil sterilisation " on the 

 growth and yield of crops (Tomatos), as dis- 

 covered by Drs. Russell and Hutchinson. Miss 

 Brenchley, of the same institution, exhibited 

 " water-cultures." 



The Woburn exhibit, referred to above, in- 

 cluded specimens to illustrate the effect of grass 

 on trees. The Pears, Plum, Spruce and Fir 

 planted in 1909, in sandy soil, some in tillage, 

 others in grass, showed in striking manner the 

 effect of the grass on growth. 



In the section devoted to general physiology 

 and chemistry, apparatus used for accurate in- 

 vestigation of transpiration and other processes 

 in plants was exhibited by the Imperial Col- 

 lege of Science and Technology. 



Professor Armstrong, F.R.S., showed speci- 

 mens and experiments illustrating the chemical 

 differences between allied plants, e.g., Lotus 

 corniculatus, which contains prussic acid, and 

 L. major, which does not. 



An exhibit, illustrating how much may be 

 done without any facilities whatsoever to culti- 

 vate plants in rooms of dwelling-houses for the 

 purpose of Nature study, showed that the exhibi- 

 tor is a true enthusiast in botanical study. 



The fifth section — that concerned with plant 

 breeding — contained a number of interesting ex- 

 hibits, notably those sent by the John Innes 

 Institute and by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, 

 Reading. In the Innes exhibit were Tropaeo- 

 leums, bred by Mr. W. Bateson, F.R.S., illus- 

 trating Mendelian re-combinations. Mr. Back- 

 house sent Plum trees, hand-pollinated, showing 

 self-sterility and self-fertility in different varie- 

 ties. Washington and Pond's Seedling had set 

 no fruit (self -sterile varieties); Ickworth Impera- 

 tive and Golden Transparent were bearing good 

 crops, showing that they are self-fertile. 



Mr. Compton's exhibit illustrated dominance 

 of self-fertility in Resedas. 



Dominance of the runnered form of Alpine 

 Strawberry was illustrated in an exhibit sent 

 by Mr. C. W. Richardson; and Miss Pellew 

 showed specimens demonstrating that cross- 

 fertilisation of the Pea Early Giant with the 

 Vetch-like rogue commonly associated with it 

 gives complete dominance of the rogue form. 

 Hence it is to be inferred that the rogues do not 

 come from the type as generally supposed, and 

 that by cultivation of a pure line they could be 

 eliminated. 



Messrs. Sutton's exhibits were two in number, 

 and among the most attractive of the section. 

 In the first, specimens of old and new vegetable 

 were staged to illustrate the progress which has 

 been made in vegetables since 1866. The exhi- 

 bit included Peas, Dwarf Beans, Tomatos, ami 

 Cucumbers. Wild Kale, grown from seed 

 gathered on sea-cliffs, was exhibited as the pr°* 

 able progenitor of cultivated Cabbages. 



Messrs. Sutton & Sons' second exhibit (illus- 

 trated in fig. 44) dealt with the Potato. In J 

 were shown original wild species of tuber-bearing 

 Solanums, hybrid seedlings, raised by crossin- 

 the wild species, and also commercial types. 



Major Hurst (Burbage Experiment Station, 

 Leicestershire) exhibited the hybrid Berbers 

 stenophylla, supposed to be derived from tn 

 natural cross B. Darwinii X B. empetrifoha ; w 

 plants of the F 5 generation were also shown, t 

 illustrate the multiplicity of forms obtamea 

 in the second generation. , , 



Professor Winkler (Tubingen) exhibited 

 graft-hybrids of Nightshade and Potato. 



Sir, Cuthbertson (Messrs. Dobbie & °o^; 

 Edinburgh) showed coloured drawings lllustra 

 ing the parentage and mode of origin of some 

 the best-known varieties of Sweet Pea. 



Mr. May's exhibits, which proved very at- 

 tractive to Fern lovers, contained Nephroiep 

 sports and varieties of Osmunda palustris. 



Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, sent volumes^ 

 lieichenbachia, containing beautiful U& 

 tions of Orchids, and Professor Keeble (Univ 

 sity College, Reading) exhibited plants ^ 

 Primula sinensis, to illustrate the history o 

 evolution of the cultivated varieties of the p 





