February 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 



65 



THE 



1 



(&mb tntm' €hx tmid 



No. 1,310.— SATURDAY, February 3, 1912. 



ar experiments, but whereas Fairchild 



ho 



uses 



Agave 



americana, Opuntia 



conducted his on plants botanically re- and other plants in tubs, and some 

 lated, Whitmill tried the Fig upon the figures. The other is a design for 

 Mulberry, the Passiflora on a Vine, and a London square. The volume is 



the Laurel upon the Plum. 



Fairchild's collection of exotics and an introduction. 



divided into six parts, which comprise 



i • 



CONTENTS. 



Chap. I. — Of Squares, 



Acacia Baileyana and 



Iris stylosa 76 



Apples, the colouring of 76 

 Apple trees in grass land 76 

 Board of Agriculture and 



Fisheries statistics ... 74 

 Books, notices of — 



Annual and Biennial 



Garden Plants ... 69 



Plants Wilsorranae ... 69 



The City Gardener ... 65 



Carbon-dioxide or nitro- 

 gen 76 



Cattleya Maggie Raphael 



alba "Orchidhurst 

 variety " 75 



Cobaea scandens var. 



DeutscherRuhm ... 74 

 Estates, the break-up of 74 

 Foreign correspondence- 

 French visitors to the 

 London Inter- 

 national Exhibition 66 



Genetics, Prof. Bateson 

 on 74 



11 George Monro" con- 

 cert, the ... 73 



Habenaria conopsea alba 68 

 Halesia tetraptera ... 73 

 Hales, Stephen, mem- 



oriilto 73 



Institute of horticulture, 



need for a national ... 72 

 Insurance Act, 1911, the 73 

 Land purchase, State- 

 aided 69 



Lilium sulphureum and 

 L. Fortunei 77 



Limestone, the value of, 

 as a fertiliser 76 



Manures, phosphatic ... 74 



Obituary- 

 Clarke, Thaddeus ... 80 



Orchid notes and glean- 

 ings- 

 Orchids at Westflald... 67 



other plants was unsurpassed, Catesby and large open Places in London and 



Parasites, flowering 

 plants as 



Pasteur, Louis, memorial 

 of 



Plants, movement in ... 

 Plants, new or note- 

 worthy — 



Nannorrhops Ritchie- 

 ana 



Pronunciation, the, of 



plant names 



Rosary, the — 



New Roses of the 



N.R.8. " Catalogue" 

 Scotland, notes from ... 

 Societies - 

 Brighton Hort. 

 British Gardeners' 



Association ... 75, 



Glasgow Fruit Trade 



B -nevolent 



Hasleinere Chrys. 

 Horticultural Club ... 

 Leeds Professional 



Gardeners' 



Linnean 



Liverpool Hort. 

 Manchester and N. of 



England O -hid 

 National Chrys. 



Royal Horticultural ... 

 Royal Meteorological . 

 Southampton Hort. ... 

 South African fruits, 

 R.H.S. exhibition of, 

 abandoned 



Strobilanthes Dyerianus 



Trdfes, street, in Canada 



Vacuum cleaner, the, as 



a destroyer of plant 



pests 



Weather guides 

 French farmers 

 Week's work, the 



Zacharias, Professor, the 

 late 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Cattleya Maggie Raphael alba " Orchidhurst variety" 

 Habenaria conopsea alba in Mr. Bowles's garden 

 Halesia tetraptera (Supplementary Illustration) 

 Laelia anceps H G. D. Owen" 

 Nannorrhops Ritchieana '.[ 



being one of the botanists of the period 

 73 who consigned novelties to him ; hence we 

 find the former referring to Aster grandi- 



73 



75 



66 

 77 



florus as " Catesby's Virginian Aster/ 7 

 and another as " Catesby's new blue Star- 

 wort/ 7 And it is perhaps worth recording far we may promise ourselves Success in 



Westminster: The Plants proper to adorn 

 them. Chap. II.— Of making and adorning 

 Squares ; and how to dispose the several 

 Plants in them. Chap. III.— Of the Part 

 of London next the River Thames ; how 



that he consigned plants to Catesby in Gardening there. 



Chap IV.— Of Court- 



America, as we gather from a letter of Yards and close Places in the CITY. 



68 

 75 



instructions from the latter to Fairchild. 



Miller states that he was the only person Balconies, 



Chap. V.— Ornaments and Decorations for 



78 whom he knew to have the Winter Aconite in large Streets. 



Windows 



?? 



73 



78 

 78 

 78 



77 

 78 

 78 



77 

 73 

 73 

 77 



77 



men 



and the Christmas Rose, and Bradley, The introduction is intended to demon- 

 treating of the last-named, the Green strate the inherent love which all _ 

 Hellebore and Adonis vernalis, states cherish for flowers and gardens, so that 

 " they are hardly to be met with, unless even in a city like London, when people 



at Mr. Fairchild's at Hoxton." In one of 

 Bradley's monthly tracts (March, 1721) a 

 stove of Fairchild's, with three flues, is 



could get nothing better they were content 

 with a nosegay, while others furnished 



75 



68 

 77 



for 

 70, 



74 



74 

 71 



74 



" their Rooms or Chambers with Basons of 

 illustrated and described, with a series Flowers and Boughpots, rather than not 

 of heated frames in front that were in- have something of a garden before them." 

 tended to force early bulbs. We are also Basons, as we gather later and elsewhere, 



were filled with plants. Boughpots are 

 mentioned very early, and were still in 

 use in the middle of last century, the 

 word, sometimes spelled Bowpot, occur- 

 ing frequently in all kinds of books. 

 Latterly the pots were stood on window- 



indebted to Bradley for " A Catalogue of 

 Plants flowering in Mr. Fairchild's Gar- 

 den at Hoxton." There we find that he 

 had two mules, and not one, as is usually 



75 



68 



67 

 66 



** 



THE CITY GARDENER. 



ff 



supposed, and of " Sweet Pease " he had 

 scarlet and common. A list of 50 varie- 

 ties of Grapes completes the catalogue, 

 which the exigencies of space preclude us 

 from dipping into further. Pulteney de- 

 scribes Fairchild, Miller and Knowlton as the Dunciad, we find the remark"" and 

 the three greatest gardeners of their day, changed from day to day, in like manner 

 but the two last were young men when the as when the old boughs wither, we thrust 

 former was aged, and we may safely affirm new ones into a chimney" (fire-place), 

 that Fairchild, as a florist and a general The object of Fairchild was to show how 



sills, but at this time they stood in the 

 fire-place during the summer months, and 

 were kept furnished with branches of 

 trees. A few years later, in the preface to 



practitioner, was easily first. His memory public squares, private 



a 



WHEN The City Gardener was pub- 

 lished in 1722, a galaxy of horti- amounting to £25, which he left to pro- 

 • *u C , U r ltural stars was scintillating vide for the preaching of a sermon every 

 in the Metropolitan firmament, and it Whitsun Tuesday in Shoreditch Church, 

 is remarkable that many of these -were 

 not content merely to shine among 



closes, 



)) 



and 



is kept green by means of a legacy, e . ven fire-places nrght be beautified with 



" On the wonderful works of God in the 

 Creation." 



living plants, and in the course of his 

 disquisition he furnishes a great deal of 

 information regarding the more popular 

 plants of the period, and also on things 

 which are overlooked by other writers. 



their contemporaries, but elected to Beside' The City Gardener he pub- Unfort ^tely most of the plants he names 



illuminate by means of books the succeed- 

 ing ages. Thomas Fairchild was undoubt- 



lished an article in the Philosophical 

 Transactions for 1724, " On the different 



edly the most noteworthy of this group. an d sometimes contrary motion of the Sap 

 Although his writings are but meagre in in Plants." He died an old man in 1729; 

 extent, they have the merit of absolute Pulteney says in November, but October 

 originality. We find the explanation in 10 is the correct date. 



The City Gardener is an unpretentious 



the originality of the man. He was 

 not merely a gardener or nurseryman 

 intent on producing material for sale. He 



are in the vernacular, and they are difficult 

 for the ordinary reader to identify, but on 

 the whole it might have been worse had 

 he used botanical names as " Citissus 2 

 Clutis" for "Cytisus secundus Clusii." 

 This plant, Cytisus sessilifolius, he in- 

 forms his readers, was thriving in gardens 

 along with the Scorpion Bladder Senna 



little volume of 70 pages, but it is cram- in Lincoln's Inn Fields. Wh 

 med with information of a very varied 



went deep into the mysteries of the crude character. The title page reads :— u The 

 science of the period. The generation of 

 plants and the circulation of sap were 

 questions which he did not a little to 



was common, White and Red Provence 

 Roses succeeded, but were not common. 

 City Gardener. Containing the most Ex- The Syringa (Philadelphus) grew in Soho 

 perienced Method of Cultivating and Square, and Althaea frutex (Hibiscus 

 Ordering such Ever-greens, Fruit-Trees, syriacus) in other parts. Apples on Para- 

 solve in a practical manner. He raised flowering Shrubs, Flowers, Exotick dise Stocks were a success, and Pears in 

 the earliest known hybrid Dianthuses. He Plants, &c, as will be Ornamental, and " allies " about Barbican, Bishopsgate, 

 grafted Daphne Laureola on D. Mezereum, thrive best in the London Gardens. By &c. In Leicester Fields a vine bore 



Grapes annually ; " At the Rose Tavern 

 Without Temple bar there is a Vine 



Evergreen Oak on English Oak, and when Thomas Fairchild, Gardener of Hoxton, 

 the scions continued to carry their foliage London : Printed for T. Woodward, at 

 over winter he claimed to have established the Half-Moon against St. Dunstan's that covers an Arbour where the Sun 



the theory of the movement of the sap. Church in Fleet-street, and J. Peele, at 

 Another of his experiments which con- 

 firmed that view was the budding of a 



rarely 



e common 



Locke's Head in Pater-noster Row. 



M.DCC.XXII. (Price One Shilling).' 1 It 



is dedicated to The Governors of the 



upon 

 country 

 " close " 



comes 



it" 



and has had ripe Grapes 

 (but 



that 



was 



almost 

 manv 



variegated Jasmine on th 



species, when a variegated growth Hospitals of Bethlem and Bridewell. fruit, Mulberries 



at that period). In 

 places they were known to 



uncommon, 



were not 

 and Fairchild instances " two large Mull- 



emanated from the stock below the bud. There are two illustrations, one, the o „_ 



Whitmill, a neighbour nurseryman, was frontispiece, is a rude representation of berry-Trees growing in a little yard at 

 engaged at the same time in making simi- part of a flower garden with green- Sam's coffee-house in Ludgate Street, two 





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