February 24, 1912.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



113 



THE 



healthy, vigorous crops. However, from more at a temperature exceeding 180 



^tir>1^>^rt:'drKvrt1vi A* the ? T ° WeT '\ point ° f view ' the <* uestion Fahr - Jt is immaterial, so far as present 



\a?alUtUli? \!blJIUIUlU ^solves itself into a matter of cost, and results go, whether dry heat or moist heat 



No. 1J13.-SATVBDAY, February 24, 1912. ^e^l^Z^ T ^ * h °™ * ^ " T*' ^*A ^1*^ the SOil iS baked 



J ? cneaper than the old, the grower is not or steamed, but if steam is used, it must 



likely to adopt it, in spite of the economy blow through at a sufficient rate to prevent 



of manunal substances. The question of complete condensation, or the soil will be- 



expense^ must therefore be considered in come too wet. After sterilisation the soil 



The cost of wheeling should not be exposed more than necessary 



out the old borders in a Cucumber to the rain, as plant-food begins rapidly to 



CONTENTS. 



Alpine garden, the — 



Anthemis Cupaniana 



American notes- 

 Carnations 



Sweet Peas 



Apples, the colouring of 



Beech, a fin« weeping .. 



Big bud in Black Car- 

 rant, spraying for ... 



Booki, notices of — 

 Gardening Year Book 



Lawns 



Types of British Vege- 

 tation 



Brambles and Roses, 

 new Chinese 



Bulbs in the L.C.C. 

 parks 



■Cinerarias seeding 



Cole, Mr. Silas, testi- 

 monial to 



Plorists* flowers — 

 The Ranunculus 



Flowers in season 



Gardeners' dinner, 



abandonment of 



•Genetics, Prof. Bateson 

 on 



International Exhibition 



Lady Grey and the gar- 

 dens at Rideau Hall, 

 Ottawa 



Nursery notes- 

 Primulas and Cycla- 

 mens at Reading ... 



Obituary — 



Mathias, Hayward ... 

 Parasitio fungi, the 



losses caused by 

 Pear trees, Kainit and 

 Peas, culinary, high 



price for 



117 



116 

 116 

 124 

 114 



124 



123 

 123 



114 



123 



1S3 

 124 



123 



117 

 123 



123 



120 

 124 



note- 



123 



115 



128 



123 

 125 



123 



Plants, new or 



worthy 



Epidendrum Stall- 

 forthianum 



Potash, the world's 



supply of 



Potatos instead of graft- 

 ing wax 



Public parks, games in 

 R.H.S. annual general 



meeting 



Rosary, the — 

 New Roses of the 

 N.R.S." Catalogue" 

 Rose Irish Elegance ... 

 Societies — 

 Ancient Society of 



York Florists 

 Ghent Hort., Agricul- 

 tural and Botanical 

 Horticultural Club .. 

 Leeds Gardeners' 

 Friendly Benefit ... 

 Manchester & North 

 of England Orchid 

 National Auricula ... 

 National Chrys. 

 Royal Horticultural. . 

 Scottish Horticultural 

 Soils, partial sterilisa- 

 tion of 



Solanum tuberosum ... 

 Sweet Pea disease 

 Toxic excreta of plants 

 Week's work, the — 



Apiary, the 



Flower garden, the... 

 Fruits under glass ... 

 Hardy fruit garden ... 

 Kitchen garden, the... 

 Orchid houses, the ... 

 Plants under glass ... 



114 



120 



123 

 124 



124 



some detail. 



house, dumping the soil, and 



p u r 



form and is very liable to be washed out. 



116 

 123 



chasing and carting new soil, is put by Where . __, V1J ^ 



experienced growers, with whom the best plan is to WowTiigh-pressure steam 



authors discussed the subject, at 2s. to through a harrow-like instrument with jets 



3s. 6d. a ton in a crowded district. In such corresponding to tynes buried in the soil, 



a case the grower would still be in pocket The implement was arranged to deal with 



127 



127 

 124 



127 



128 



123 

 128 

 125 

 127 



111 



124 



124 

 124 



119 

 118 



118 

 118 



119 

 118 



119 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Anthemis Cupaniana 



Beech, a fine specimen of a weeping 



Epidendrum Stallforthianum 



Rose Irish Elegance 



Tomato plants growing in partially-sterilised soil 



117 

 1.5 



114 



121 



118 



PARTIAL STERILISATION OF 



GLASS-HOUSE SOILS. 



(Concluded from /». 98.) 



CONSIDERABLE attention has been 

 devoted to the case of the so-called 

 "sick soil" thrown out from com- 

 mercial Cucumber and Tomato houses. 

 The Cucumber soils were extraordin- 

 arily rich, richer even than farmyard 

 manure, but they contained numbers 

 of eel-worms and fungi. All the eel-worms, 

 including the dangerous Heterodera, were 

 killed by heating the soil to 140° Fahr., but 

 not by treatment with toluol or carbon di- 

 ■sulphide. Fig. 48 shows how badly the soil 

 was infested with Heterodera, and how 

 completely steaming removed the pest. 

 The authors were not able to make many 

 observations on fungous diseases as none 

 appeared on the plants on the untreated 

 soils, but from their experiments they con- 

 clude that steaming kills the disease 



Fig. 48.— tomato plants grown in partially-sterilised soil. 



(a) Soil heated to 130° Fahr. ; (b) Soil untreated ; (c) Soil heated to 203° Fahr. 



fu„°gi • indeed"" 3* risITo Ime'sub' I 5 fh 1 & *? '° T* "i °' d "S * ^ ° l S °" at * time » steam ™ Wo »" 



o , wrcu, ji, gives> rise to some sub- treated, because, bv so doiner. hp would +k™„~u „*. „« * ™ i.. ™ n ._ 



t?™? Particularly favourable to certain recover some of its manurial residues. 



harml 



As 



80 _ „, 



raised the temperature of the soil in two 



without 



rapidly espe Z lwTtLTJt ZTT* & ?**'" ° f *"*' Sick SOi l ™ S Sterilised in or three minutes to ™° Fahr., 



hut they sTon d> Pp ar and are r^ot seTn * ^ T^ ** * £ S £* & ° ^ ^^ WGtting * The he ^ -^ 

 again. appear, and are not seen even on the present method, the process is tinned for 15 minutes only, and the soil 



economical. In smaller nurseries, where was then thrown 



it is not necessary to work at a great speed, did it cool that even aite/five Yo^the 



the process can be effected much more temperature remained at 160° Fahr. The 



cheaply. total cost, including the hire of the engine, 



experiments show that fthl. For a variety of reasons, the authors con- wages, fuel, and all other charges, was 



hich entails the mcJSp «f ^1 !?** *** ff P3 f *' ste " h ! at ; on ^ heafc « ^ 6d. a cubic yard. The engine dealt with 



rne sacritoc* nf *k. t h e most effective method at present avail- 40 yards of soil per day. Slower methods 



The present treatment of sick soils is m 

 tne majority of cases merely to throw them 

 out and substitute fresh soil often pur- 

 chased and carted from a distance. The 

 authors " 



sacrifice ._ 



*^or ate ^ % w * ™ 8<>1 w° Uld / ea ! h a tem Pf atu / e ^ cheaper ; indeed, one grower put up "a 



*oil again becomes cabbie of SwdL^ t! T U k" * T* ^ V""" T ^ SteriUser ' UtiHsing the waste heat * rom ** 



cdpaoie or producing It should be maintained for an hour or Aurr. * n <i nlaim^ *w *u« «. :_ — 1_ ^ 



