February 24, 19i2.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 



127 



Cultural Commendation 



to Mr. F. J. Thorne (gr. to Mrs- W. J. Joicey, 

 Sunningdale Park), for a superb specimen of 

 Lycaste Balliae with upwards of 30 flowers. Mr. 

 Thome has grown the specimen from a small 

 plant purchased as L. Cappei, which is known 

 to be identical with L. Balliae. 



Fruit and Vegetable Committee. 



Present: J. Cheal, Esq. (in the Chair); and 

 Messrs. A. Dean, G. Woodward, E. Beckett, 

 A. W. Metcalfe, A. R. Allan, G. Keif, H. Mark- 

 ham, G. Reynolds, A. Grubb, A. Bullock, J. 

 Davis, 0. Thomas, J. Harrison, and H. S. Rivers. 



Sir Julius Wernher, Luton Hoo, Luton (gr. 

 Mr. W. A. Metcalfe), showed 10 baskets of very 

 handsome, firm Apples. There were four baskets 

 of Lane's Prince Albert and six of Annie Eliza- 

 beth, the fruits being of an ideal size for des- 

 sert. (Silver Banksian Medal.) 



Lord Falmouth, Mereworth Castle, Kent (gr. 

 Mr. Hogbin), staged 24 dishes of distinct varieties 

 of Apples, the fruits being of very high quality. 

 The varieties included Cox's Orange rippin, 

 Allington Pippin, Newton Wonder, Calville 

 Malingre, Brabant Bellefleur, Annie Eliza- 

 beth, Striped Beefing, Lane's Prince Albert, Ben's 

 Red, Bramley's Seedling, and Egremont Russet. 

 (Silver Banksian Medal.) 



b Miss G. Sewell, Harcourt Terrace, South Ken- 

 sington, showed a collection of preserves. Bot- 

 tled Apples, Quinces, Lemons, Strawberries, 

 Raspberries, Currants, Damsons, Plums, also 

 marmalades, jellies, and Chutney s were included 

 in the exhibit. (Silver Banksian Medal.) 



Sixty Cabbage Lettuces of the variety Petite 

 Noire were shown, as grown, in three large flat 

 boxes, by Mr. Honess, Hopedene Gardens, Holm- 

 bury St. Mary, Dorking. The plants were gener- 

 ally 8 inches in diameter, there being about 4 to 

 5 inches of firm heart. The plants were excel- 

 lently grown, the leaves being very clean. (Silver 

 Banksian Medal.) 



Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, again set 

 up a collection of vegetables, having 24 dishes and 

 mounds. In the centre of the exhibit was a group 

 of Sutton's Al green curled Kale, flanked on each 

 side by baskets of Early White Broccoli, also of 

 fine New Year Savoy. Other dishes were Early 

 Gem Brussels Sprouts, roots of Salsify and Scor- 

 zonera, Globe Beet, White and Red Jerusalem 

 Artichokes, Stachys tuberifera, Turnip Snowball. 

 Red Intermediate and Early Forcing Carrots, and 

 Kohl Rabi. (Silver-gilt Banksian Medal.) 



Award of Merit. 



Apple Oatland* Seedling. — This variety was 

 stated to be raised from Cox's Orange Pippin 

 crossed with Sturmer Pippin. The fruits were 

 of a medium size and flattish-round. The skin 

 is green, slightly coloured near the stalk and 

 marked with russet. The eye is almost closed: 

 tiie flesh is of excellent flavour, crisp and juicy. 

 The fruits had the appearance of keeping in a 

 sound condition for another two months, 

 bhown by Mr. F. G. Gerrish, Pendley Manor 

 Gardens, Tring. 



ANCIENT SOCIETY OF YORK 



FLORISTS. 



January 30.— The annual meeting of this 

 society was held on this date. The chair was 

 occupied by the president, Mr. Geo. Crombie. 

 the secretary, Mr. Dale, read the annual report, 



which contained the following extracts: "The 



committee, in submitting their annual report 

 and financial statement, regret to have to again 

 record that the past year has not been of a 

 satisfactory character financially. The num- 

 ber of members who have paid their subscrip- 

 tions is 503 as against 537 last year. A large 

 number of resignations have been received 

 during the past few years, whilst few new mem- 

 bers have been elected. The total income or 



*™a P «f nT m ° rdinar y sources have 



±>oaa 6s. 9d., and expenditure £439 6s 6d an 



S J 93 ',? 1 - 4 T ^ s has absorbed the balance of 



tf *h?'h i Sta "^ n g to the cred it of the society 

 at the bank at the commencement of the year, 



of :P?<?l anCe l em S "\ et V a s P ecial donation 

 of £25 given by Mr. Arnold S. Rowntree AI P.. 



been 



the annual meeting in January, 1911, and 

 undertook to guarantee a sum of £100 to the 

 society. Every effort was made by the com- 

 mittee to curtail the expenditure during the 

 year, and a special appeal to the most prominent 

 citizens for support was issued in the early part 

 of the year in the joint names of Mr. Arnold S. 

 Rowntree, the ex-president, and Mr. George 

 Crombie, the president for 1911. This met with 

 very little response, and owing to the meagre 

 attendance of the public at the Chrysanthemum 

 show on the third day, the committee had been 

 most reluctantly compelled to appeal to Mr. 

 Rowntree ior financial assistance. The amount 

 expended in prizes at the Chrysanthemum show 

 was £164 8s. 6d., whilst the sum of £29 10s. 3d. 



was paid in respect of prizes at the minor 

 shows.' ' 



FlRMIN DE 



awarded to 

 firm of De 



GHENT HORTICULTURAL, AGRICUL- 

 TURAL AND BOTANICAL. 



February 4. — The monthly meeting of this 

 society was held on this date in the grounds of 

 the Casino. Certificates for general good culture 

 and freedom of flowering were awarded for Pel- 

 argoniums, Phylica ericoides alba, and Acacia 

 diffusa, which were shown by M. 

 Smet. Cultural Certificates were 

 Kentia Belmoreana, shown by the 

 Smet-Dtjvivier, and Trichomanes radicans and T. 

 reniforme, both shown by the firm of Louis DE 

 Smet. ^ A Certificate of Merit was granted to a 

 collection of 52 varieties of Abies, 38 varieties 

 of Cypressus, and 30 varieties of Retinospora, 

 shown by M. A. Braeckman. 



In the section devoted to Orchids, Certificates 



were granted to Cypripedium Suzanne 



Mme. Grosjean, C. Beryl, Miltonia 



aurea, M. b. Duchesne, and Odonto- 



ardentissimum variety Galvani, all 



F. Lambeau: Cvpripedium Beeek- 



of Merit 

 Hye, C. 

 bleuana 



glossum 

 from M. 



ense, shown by M. van Schoote ; Cattleya 

 Harrisonii alba and Lycastes, shown by 

 MM. J. Vandeputte & Co. Other notable ex- 

 hibits of Orchids were a hybrid Cyoripedium 

 (C. insigne x C. Leeanum) from M. F. Demeter ; 

 and Cattleya Trian* variety Backhousiana, 

 which was shown by MM. J. Vandeputte et 

 Cie. 



In the section for new plants, Certificates of 

 Merit were awarded to new Conifers, exhibited 

 by M. A. Braeckman j Adiantum " Roem van 

 Moordrecht " and Pteris De Smedtii, both shown 

 by the firm of L. De Smet-Duvivier ; a group of 

 Azalea M. Jean Haerens, presented by MM. 

 J. B. Haerens et Wille, who also showed 

 Azalea Bouton Rose, A. Memoire de Louise De 

 Smet-Duvivier, A. Koning Albert. 

 Haerens presented Azalea delicata 

 Brillanta Belgica, A. Excellenta, A. 

 Noel and A. Triomphal, all of which received 

 Certificates of Merit. 



M. Aug. 



rosea, A. 

 Etoile de 



LEEDS GARDENERS 1 FRIENDLY 



BENEFIT. 



February 15. 

 this date. Mr, 



being about 50 members present. 



The annual dinner was held on 

 F. B. Hudson presided, there 



Mr. Geo. Car- 

 ver, the secretary, made an earnest appeal to 

 gardeners to join the society, which will in due 

 time become approved within the meaning of 

 the National Insurance Act. 



The total income for the vear amounted to 

 £226 10s. l^d., and the expenditure of £118 

 7s. 0^d., the balance of £108 3s. Id. bringing the 

 accumulated funds up to £1,874 2s. 2id. 



The sickness during the year only averaged 

 about 7 days per member. The sum of £17 has 

 been paid in death allowances, which, with 

 £53 7s. 6d. paid in sickness benefits, makes a 

 total sum of £70 7s. 6d. paid out of the benefit 

 fund. 



The Management Fund remains at £50, the sur- 

 plus of £2 2s. 9d. having been transferred to the 

 Distress Fund. There having been no cases of 

 prolonged sickness entitling members to addi- 

 tional benefits from the Surplus Benefit Fund 

 that fund now stands at £52 3s. 3d. 



Several members in pcor circumstances have 

 been assisted in the payment of their contribu- 

 tions, and by grants from the Distress Fund. 



Three new members were admitted during 

 the year, one member died, and eight lapsed 

 or resigned. The number of financial members 

 at the present time is 155. 



SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL. 



(Continued from p. 10S.) 



THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT. 



" Though the garden city idea is by no means 

 new, the * movement ' is of comparatively recent 

 date. In England the commencement of the 

 movement was due to the success which had at- 

 tended the formation of model industrial vil- 

 lages. In 1903, a pioneer company was formed 

 under the title * First Garden City, Limited,' 

 with a capital of £300,000, to acquire and de- 

 velop an estate which had been selected at 

 Letchworth, near Hitchin. This estate consisted 

 of 3,818 acres, and the purchase price was £40 

 per acre. When the ground was purchased, the 

 population was approximately 450, and a popula- 

 tion of 35,000 is ultimately aimed at. It is an 

 industriartown with factories, railway sidings, 

 water works, gas works, &c, but all laid out on 

 garden city lines. Each house has a separate 

 garden, and there are parks and open spaces, 

 recreation grounds (cricket, golf, &c), schools, 

 churches, halls, &c, while the outlying parts of 

 the estate, comprising about 2,500 acres, are de- 

 voted to small holdings for agriculture. The 

 land will ultimately be transferred to the com- 

 munity, or to a trust on its behalf, and the rents, 

 which will increase with the city's progress, are 

 expected to provide interest on the purchase 

 money and the cost of all necessary municipal 

 undertakings, so that there will be no rates. In 

 France, a Garden City Association (the Associa- 

 tion des Cites— Jardin de France) was formed in 

 1905, its object being ' to provide healthy homes 

 for working men, encourage agriculture, check 

 migration to towns, secure for communities un- 

 earned increment on building land, and cheapen 

 industrial production/ and under the recent 

 Town Planning Act before referred to, quite a 

 number of town planning schemes on garden city 

 lines are being prepared under the direction of 



local authorities in various parts of the United 

 Kingdom. 



11 In the case of a garden city scheme like that 

 of Letchworth, where the only question is the 

 building up of a garden city de novo, the pro- 

 blem is simple, but it is quite another 

 matter to develop the idea in the case of densely- 

 populated industrial towns, or even in towns 

 like Edinburgh, which are largely r< sidential, but 

 which, nevertheless, have overcrowded slum 

 areas, for it is for the benefit of the dwellers in 

 these slums as much as for any class that the 

 change is required. Under the new Hous- 

 ing and Town Planning Act, slum dwellings can 

 be closed and demolished, and no doubt some 

 difficulty will sometimes have to be faced in find- 

 ing other accommodation for the people who are 

 dispossessed; but we have the satisfaction of 

 knowing that difficulties of this sort can never 

 recur under the new order of things, for if local 

 authorities do their duty there will be no new 

 slums. 



" In garden city schemes in connection with 

 existing industrial towns the most important 

 factors are therefore cheap dwellings, cheap, 

 easy, and rapid means of carrying the workers to 

 and from the scene of their daily toil, and, 

 above all, cheap land, for on the last factor the 

 whole thing hangs. Cheap dwellings and cheap 

 means of transit present no insuperable diffi- 

 culties, but the question of building sites is a 

 more serious one, for under a garden city plan 

 the number of houses to the acre will not exceed 

 from eight to twelve, whereas under some of the 

 existing by-laws as many as 56 may be erected. 

 Recently a statement appeared in The Lancet 

 which showed that not fewer than 60,000 tons 

 of soot fell in the administrative area of London 

 in a year, and in a lecture delivered in Edin- 

 burgh recently, the chief sanitary inspector for 

 Leith stated that at least 78 tons of soot were 

 discharged daily from domestic chimnevs in 

 Edinburgh and Leith, and this alone is a strong- 

 argument for the removal of dwellings to more 

 healthy localities. 



" It goes without saying, I think, that the 

 ideal garden city must have all the attributes of 

 a garden. I doubt if the ideal garden city is yet 

 in existence. It certainly cannot come into 

 being all at once, for where plants come into the 

 plan, as they must do in this case, Nature re- 

 quires time to finish the work. Even the plainest 

 of brick buildings — the * little brick boxes with 

 slate lids,' as Mr. Burns, the author of the Town 

 Planning Act, once called the brick and slate- 



